Territorialidade Kaingang da comunidade Pó Mág em Tabaí, porção sul da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas
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2019-04-03
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Laroque, Luís Fernando da Silva
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As áreas de planalto da região sul do Brasil, cobertas em grande parte por florestas de Araucária constituem-se em espaços de tradicional ocupação de populações Kaingang, cujos territórios se expandem por áreas entre a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tietê, no estado de São Paulo e os territórios limítrofes ao delta do Rio Jacuí, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Mesmo expulsos de seus tradicionais espaços territoriais a partir de meados do século XVIII e durante século XIX, os Kaingang jamais deixaram de circular por seus territórios e, sobretudo a partir da segunda metade do século XX no Rio Grande do Sul, passaram a empreender um processo de retomada das suas terras. O processo de retorno aos seus tradicionais territórios empreendido pelo povo Kaingang demonstra o protagonismo desse grupo étnico no que diz respeito a sua afirmação enquanto identidade própria e diferenciada. A Terra Indígena Pó Mág, localizada no município de Tabaí, porção sul da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, originada a partir deste processo, vem empreendendo a
construção de sua territorialidade no espaço da terra indígena. O objetivo do estudo constituiu-se em analisar como a comunidade da Terra Indígena Pó Mág percebe os elementos que constituem sua territorialidade no espaço local por meio da análise de suas relações com elementos da natureza como o relevo, as formações
rochosas, os espíritos, os animais, as relações de poder internas da comunidade, as relações sociais com as outras comunidades Kaingang, os contatos e relações com os não indígenas e ressignificações construídas junto a elementos espaciais como as moradias, a escola, a igreja e o campo de futebol. Para tanto, o método foi qualitativo e contou com a análise de conteúdo e a abordagem etno-histórica no que diz respeito à investigação do levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa documental realizado junto aos órgãos públicos municipais e federais, dos dados obtidos em campo com indígenas e não indígenas por meio da história oral e dos procedimentos etnográficos. Como resultados, tendo por base aportes teóricos da história ambiental, territorialidade, identidade e cultura, aponta-se que o grupo Kaingang analisado vem desempenhando sua espacialidade sobre as áreas do tradicional território e do espaço de sua terra indígena. Ao mesmo tempo, se empenham em várias frentes que vão desde o aumento da área física da aldeia, à instalação de uma escola indígena e à garantia do abastecimento de água potável, o que os torna agentes de sua história e da territorialidade tendo em vistas suas dinâmicas espaciais, políticas e culturais, de respeito para com o meio humano e não humano e de luta por seus direitos como uma sociedade distinta que são.
The plateau areas of southern Brazil, largely covered by araucaria forests, are areas of traditional occupation of the Kaingang populations, whose territories extend across areas between the Tietê river basin in the state of São Paulo and the territories adjacent to the delta of the Jacuí River, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Although they were expelled from their traditional territorial spaces from the mid-eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century, the Kaingang never left their territories, and from the second half of the twentieth century in Rio Grande do Sul, began to move. Undertake a process of resumption of their lands. The process of returning to their traditional territories undertaken by the Kaingang people demonstrates the prominence of this ethnic group in relation to its claim as a separate and distinct identity. The Pó Mág Indigenous Land, located in the municipality of Tabaí, southern portion of the Taquari-Antas Basin, originated from this process, has been carrying out the construction of its territoriality in the indigenous land space. The objective of the study is to analyze how the community of the Pó Mág Indigenous Land perceives the elements that constitute its territoriality in the local space through the analysis of its relations with elements of nature such as relief, rock formations, spirits, animal relations, internal power relations encompassing the community, social relations with the other Kaingang communities, contacts and relations with non-indigenous people, and re-significances built on spatial elements such as dwellings, school, church and soccer field. For this, the method was qualitative and counted on the content analysis and the ethnohistorical approach regarding the investigation of the bibliographic survey and documentary research carried out with the municipal and federal public agencies, the data obtained in the field with indigenous people and not indigenous through oral History and ethnographic procedures. As results, based on theoretical contributions of environmental history, territoriality, identity and culture, it is pointed out that the Kaingang group analyzed has been performing its spatiality over the areas of the traditional territory and the space of its indigenous land. At the same time, they are working on several fronts, ranging from increasing the physical area of the village to installing an indigenous school and guaranteeing the supply of drinking water, making them agents of their history and territoriality in view of their spatial, political and cultural dynamics, respect for the human and non-human environment and struggle for their rights as a distinct society that they are.
The plateau areas of southern Brazil, largely covered by araucaria forests, are areas of traditional occupation of the Kaingang populations, whose territories extend across areas between the Tietê river basin in the state of São Paulo and the territories adjacent to the delta of the Jacuí River, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Although they were expelled from their traditional territorial spaces from the mid-eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century, the Kaingang never left their territories, and from the second half of the twentieth century in Rio Grande do Sul, began to move. Undertake a process of resumption of their lands. The process of returning to their traditional territories undertaken by the Kaingang people demonstrates the prominence of this ethnic group in relation to its claim as a separate and distinct identity. The Pó Mág Indigenous Land, located in the municipality of Tabaí, southern portion of the Taquari-Antas Basin, originated from this process, has been carrying out the construction of its territoriality in the indigenous land space. The objective of the study is to analyze how the community of the Pó Mág Indigenous Land perceives the elements that constitute its territoriality in the local space through the analysis of its relations with elements of nature such as relief, rock formations, spirits, animal relations, internal power relations encompassing the community, social relations with the other Kaingang communities, contacts and relations with non-indigenous people, and re-significances built on spatial elements such as dwellings, school, church and soccer field. For this, the method was qualitative and counted on the content analysis and the ethnohistorical approach regarding the investigation of the bibliographic survey and documentary research carried out with the municipal and federal public agencies, the data obtained in the field with indigenous people and not indigenous through oral History and ethnographic procedures. As results, based on theoretical contributions of environmental history, territoriality, identity and culture, it is pointed out that the Kaingang group analyzed has been performing its spatiality over the areas of the traditional territory and the space of its indigenous land. At the same time, they are working on several fronts, ranging from increasing the physical area of the village to installing an indigenous school and guaranteeing the supply of drinking water, making them agents of their history and territoriality in view of their spatial, political and cultural dynamics, respect for the human and non-human environment and struggle for their rights as a distinct society that they are.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Indígenas; Território; Identidade; Direitos; Indigenous; Territory; Identity; Rights
Citação
BUSOLLI, Jonathan. Territorialidade Kaingang da comunidade Pó Mág em Tabaí, porção sul da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 20 dez. 2018. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2470.