Identificação e caracterização de microrganismos visando maior eficiência na produção de biogás
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Data
2020-02
Autores
Orientador
Granada, Camille Eichelberger
Banca
Heidrich, Daiane
Bucker, Francielle
Colla, Luciane Maria
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Os setores agrícolas e agroindustriais geram resíduos ricos em matéria orgânica, principalmente os dejetos animais. Estes, por sua vez, podem ser degradados por processos biológicos e aproveitados como biomassas na geração de bioenergia em sistemas de digestão anaeróbia. O uso de co-digestão pode otimizar a produção de biogás e metano e, ao final do processo, sevir como inoculante na iniciação dos processos de digestão anaeróbia. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver, caracterizar e avaliar a eficiência de inoculantes, utilizando co-digestão anaeróbica de diferentes resíduos do agronegócio como biomassa em temperatura controlada e ambiente, e formular um inoculante com uma mistura de microrganismos isolados visando otimizar a produção de biogás e metano. Para isto, foram preparados quatro inoculantes (constituídos de dejeto suíno, aves e bovino), que foram incubados anaerobicamente por 72 dias e aclimatados em temperatura controlada (35o C) e ambiente (28 ± 3,5° C). Um inoculante, em cada temperatura, foi alimentado com uma mistura de celulose microcristalina, gelatina, latose e resíduo de óleo de cozinha. Ao final, a identificação da comunidade microbiana mostrou que os inoculantes apresentaram diferenças importantes entre as duas temperaturas avaliadas, Bacteroidetes foi o filo mais representativo em inoculantes a 28° C e Firmicutes a 35° C, e destaca-se que o uso dos inoculantes (alimentado e não alimentado) melhora o
rendimento da produção de biogás e metano 28 °C, atingindo valores semelhantes na faixa ideal de temperatura (35° C). O isolamento de 10 microrganismos anaeróbicos facultativos dos inoculantes mostrou que eles pertencem ao filo Firmicutes, famílias Paenibacillaceae e Bacillaceae. A adição desta mistura de microrganismos não melhorou a produção de biogás nas diferentes temperaturas, no entanto, mais testes
serão necessários para avaliar o potencial destes microrganismos. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o uso de inoculantes em sistemas de digestão anaeróbica melhora a eficiência da produção de biogás e metano em temperaturas inferiores (28 °C ±3,5) a considerada ideal (35 oC), o que pode permitir o uso desse tipo de produção de energia nas regiões que apresentam temperaturas ligeiramente mais baixas.
The agricultural and agroindustrial sectors generate waste rich in organic matter, mainly animal waste. These wastes can be degraded by biological processes and used as biomass in the generation of bioenergy. The use of co-digestion can optimize the production of biogas and methane and, at the end of the process, the biomass can be used as inoculant for a new anaerobic digestion process. In this sense, the objective of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate the efficiency of inoculants, using anaerobic co-digestion of different residues from agribusiness as biomass at controlled and environmental temperature, and to formulate an inoculant with a mixture of isolated microorganisms in order to optimize production of biogas and methane. For this pourpose, four inoculants (composed by swine, poultry and bovine manures) were incubated anaerobically for 72 days and acclimatized under controlled (35 oC) and environmental (28 ± 3.5 °C) temperatures. One inoculant of each temperature was fed with a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, latose and cooking oil residue. In the end of inoculat preparation, the identification of the microbial showed that inoculants presented important differences between the two temperatures evaluated, Bacteroidetes was the most representative phylum in inoculants at 28 °C and Firmicutes at 35 °C. The use of inoculants (fed or non-fed) improves the yield of biogas and methane production at 28 ° C, reaching similar values to ideal temperature range (35 °C). The isolation of 10 facultative anaerobic microorganisms from the inoculants showed that they belong to the phylum Firmicutes, Paenibacillaceae and Bacillaceae families. The addition of mixture of these microorganisms did not improve the biogas production at different temperatures, however, more tests will be needed to evaluate the potential of these microorganisms. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of inoculants in anaerobic digestion systems improves the efficiency of the biogas production and methane at lower temperatures (28 ° C ±3.5) than that considered ideal (35 °C), which may allow the use of this type of energy production in regions with slightly lower temperatures.
The agricultural and agroindustrial sectors generate waste rich in organic matter, mainly animal waste. These wastes can be degraded by biological processes and used as biomass in the generation of bioenergy. The use of co-digestion can optimize the production of biogas and methane and, at the end of the process, the biomass can be used as inoculant for a new anaerobic digestion process. In this sense, the objective of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate the efficiency of inoculants, using anaerobic co-digestion of different residues from agribusiness as biomass at controlled and environmental temperature, and to formulate an inoculant with a mixture of isolated microorganisms in order to optimize production of biogas and methane. For this pourpose, four inoculants (composed by swine, poultry and bovine manures) were incubated anaerobically for 72 days and acclimatized under controlled (35 oC) and environmental (28 ± 3.5 °C) temperatures. One inoculant of each temperature was fed with a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, latose and cooking oil residue. In the end of inoculat preparation, the identification of the microbial showed that inoculants presented important differences between the two temperatures evaluated, Bacteroidetes was the most representative phylum in inoculants at 28 °C and Firmicutes at 35 °C. The use of inoculants (fed or non-fed) improves the yield of biogas and methane production at 28 ° C, reaching similar values to ideal temperature range (35 °C). The isolation of 10 facultative anaerobic microorganisms from the inoculants showed that they belong to the phylum Firmicutes, Paenibacillaceae and Bacillaceae families. The addition of mixture of these microorganisms did not improve the biogas production at different temperatures, however, more tests will be needed to evaluate the potential of these microorganisms. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of inoculants in anaerobic digestion systems improves the efficiency of the biogas production and methane at lower temperatures (28 ° C ±3.5) than that considered ideal (35 °C), which may allow the use of this type of energy production in regions with slightly lower temperatures.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biodigestão anaeróbia; Inoculante; Co-digestão; Temperatura ambiente; Anaerobic biodigestion; Innoculant; Co-digestion; Room temperature
Citação
MARDER, Munique. Identificação e caracterização de microrganismos visando maior eficiência na produção de biogás. 2020. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 21 fev. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2814.