BIOGRAFIAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS CULTIVADAS EM HORTAS FAMILIARES EM ALTA FLORESTA - MATO GROSSO
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Data
2023-10
Autores
Orientador
Mazzarino, Jane Márcia
Banca
Adami, Fernanda Scherer
Damasceno, Mônica Maria Siqueira
Turatti, Luciana
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Este estudo Biografias socioambientais cultivadas em hortas familiares em Alta Floresta - Mato Grosso – se propõe a investigar algumas questões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento local sustentável, especificamente a segurança alimentar de famílias. Estas são realidades que precisam ser refletidas, principalmente em razão do advento da pandemia causada pelo coronavírus. Uma das mais recentes iniciativas para o caminho de sustentabilidade é através da Agenda 2030, que possui 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Neste trabalho o enfoque deu-se nos ODSs: 2 - “fome zero e agricultura sustentável”; 3 - “saúde e bem-estar”; 11 - “cidades e comunidades sustentáveis”; e 12 - “consumo e produção responsáveis”. Sabe-se que, culturalmente, antes do surgimento das práticas da comercialização na agricultura, as famílias faziam o cultivo de plantas exclusivamente para a manutenção da subsistência. Todavia, essas práticas culturais foram mudando com a modernização da agricultura, principalmente com o aumento da população e com a urbanização de grandes centros e cidades, fazendo com que aumentasse o contingente de pessoas nos perímetros urbanos. O cultivo de alimentos (hortaliças e plantas condimentares) foi ficando mais restrita, pela praticidade de encontrá-los em supermercados, feiras, entre outros. Reflexo disso foi a diminuição das práticas de cultivo das hortas familiares, ficando a produção das hortaliças por conta de produtores rurais. Por isso, um melhor entendimento acerca de hortas familiares se torna um importante indicativo para o desenvolvimento local sustentável, uma prática cultural que tem reflexo direto na segurança alimentar das famílias. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi, por meio da exploração de biografias, investigar formas de conhecimento e fontes de informação, herdados ou adquiridos, para cultivar hortas domiciliares em Alta Floresta/MT, especificamente aquelas realizadas por famílias que cultivam hortas para consumo próprio, avaliando o impacto dessas práticas para o meio ambiente local durante a plena pandemia do coronavírus. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, documental e de campo, com aplicação de entrevistas, com roteiro semiestruturado, composto por questões abertas e fechadas, realizada com as famílias bem como foram realizadas além de observações sistematizadas. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por meio da análise textual. Este estudo deteve-se nos significados das experiências de famílias com suas hortas. As histórias de vida revelaram experiências marcantes e verdadeiras, parecendo que abríamos caixas de sentimentos vivos. Estas caixas são reservatórios
de vida coletados no espaço entre fronteiras do passado e do presente. As entrevistas relembraram caminhos, trajetos, cheiros e sabores. Pode-se considerar que as plantas com potencial para alimentação, nas suas diferentes categorias de uso constituem-se parte integrante da dieta diária dos pesquisados, auxiliando na redução dos gastos mensais das famílias, especificamente no quesito alimentação. A prática dos pesquisados apresenta singularidade em relação a outros estudos à medida que evidencia um fenômeno socioeconômico pautado numa produção mais sustentável, o que pode ser observado no melhor aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos como substratos e adubos, assim como o controle de pragas e doenças vegetais de baixo custo e de pouco impacto ambiental. Além disso, o uso para o consumo da família sem preocupação de venda com a produção excedente também pode ser considerado uma condição diferenciada entre os achados no presente estudo. Entre as motivações dos pesquisados para possuírem sua própria horta, está a melhoria na qualidade de vida, rica fonte de nutrição, auxílio na saúde mental, segurança alimentar, ampliação da renda familiar, interação com os membros da família e melhoria da paisagem, o que converge com trabalhos visitados na revisão literária realizada para o presente estudo. As hortas constituem-se em importante espaço pedagógico no qual as pessoas do núcleo familiar têm a oportunidade de realizarem cotidianamente importantes experiências de plantio e manejo de espécies vegetais diversas. Esses espaços oportunizam a construção e a ressignificação de conhecimentos pautados na história de vida e das relações criadas com as plantas a partir de vínculos familiares e de parentescos, fazendo assim, com que esse rico saber quanto à arte de plantar, colher e conservar permaneça vivo e perpetue. A Pandemia do Covid-19 (Coronavírus Disease 19) não trouxe mudanças relevantes para com os cuidados e cultivos da horta para a maioria dos pesquisados. No entanto, houve relato de alguns terem ficado em casa por mais tempo, aumentando a dedicação para com a horta. O estudo evidencia o quanto as histórias de vida dos pesquisados entrelaçam-se entre si e se correspondem mutuamente à medida que desvelam o quão singular é o ser humano em sua individualidade. Denota que as hortas urbanas, rurais e rurbanas constituem-se em espaços sociais e sustentáveis de aprendizagem e de resistência à lógica capitalista que impera em nossa sociedade. A relação do alta-florestense com o ambiente local pode ser visualizada a partir dos quintais urbanos, refletindo um misto de uso e conservação dos recursos naturais com ênfase no atendimento de necessidades primárias da família. Observa-se, ainda, que o tema em pauta tem figurado pouco nas pautas de discussão das políticas públicas do Brasil, ao passo em que deveria estar situado no rol dos temas de ordem relevante uma vez que diversos estudos, como este, têm indicado a necessidade das políticas públicas se ocuparem da agricultura rurbana, especialmente quanto ao uso do solo, saúde ambiental, desenvolvimento social e incentivo para a sua prática.
This study – socio-environmental biographies cultivated in family gardens in Alta Floresta - Mato Grosso- sets out to investigate some issues related to sustainable local development, specifically the food security of families. These are realities that need to be reflected on, especially given the advent of the coronavirus pandemic. One of the most recent initiatives on the road to sustainability is the 2030 Agenda, which has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this work, the focus has been on the SDGs: 2 - "zero hunger and sustainable agriculture"; 3 - "health and well-being"; 11 - "sustainable cities and communities"; and 12 - "responsible consumption and production". It is known that culturally, before the emergence of commercialization practices in agriculture, families cultivated plants exclusively for subsistence. However, these cultural practices have changed with the modernization of agriculture, especially with the increase in population and the urbanization of large centers and cities, which has led to an increase in the number of people on urban perimeters. The cultivation of food (vegetables and condiment plants) has become more restricted, due to the convenience of finding it in supermarkets, fairs, among others. This has led to a decline in the cultivation of family gardens, with the production of vegetables being left to rural producers. Therefore, a better understanding of kitchen gardens is an important indicator for sustainable local development, a cultural practice that has a direct impact on families' food security. The general objective of this work was, through the exploration of biographies, to investigate forms of knowledge and sources of information, inherited or acquired, for cultivating home gardens in space of Alta Floresta/MT, specifically those carried out by families who cultivate gardens for their own consumption, assessing the impact of these practices on the local environment during the full coronavirus pandemic. To this end, a qualitative bibliographic, documentary and field study was carried out, with interviews using a semi-structured script, made up of open and closed questions, with the families, as well as systematized observations. The data was processed using textual analysis. This study focused on the meanings of families' experiences with their vegetable gardens. The life stories revealed remarkable and real experiences, as if we were opening boxes of living feelings. These boxes are reservoirs of life collected in the space between the boundaries of the past and the present. The interviews recalled paths, routes, smells and tastes. It can be considered that plants with potential for food, in their different categories of use, are an integral part of the daily diet of those surveyed, helping to reduce the monthly expenses of families, specifically in the area of food. The practice of those surveyed is unique compared to other studies in that it shows a socio-economic phenomenon based on more sustainable production, which can be seen in the better use of organic waste as substrates and fertilizers, as well as the control of plant pests and diseases at low cost and with little environmental impact. In addition, the use for family consumption without worrying about selling surplus production can also be considered a different condition among the findings of this study. Among the motivations of those surveyed for owning their own vegetable garden was improved quality of life, a rich source of nutrition, help with mental health, food security, increased family income, interaction with family members and improving the landscape, which is in line with the studies visited in the literature review carried out for this study. Vegetable gardens are an important educational space in which family members have the opportunity to carry out important daily experiences of planting and managing different plant species. These spaces provide opportunities for the construction and re-signification of knowledge based on life history and the relationships created with plants through family and kinship ties, thus ensuring that this rich knowledge of the art of planting, harvesting and conserving remains alive and perpetuated. The Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19) pandemic has not brought relevant changes to the care and cultivation of the vegetable garden for most of those surveyed. However, some reported staying at home for longer, increasing their dedication to the garden. The study shows how the life stories of those surveyed are intertwined and correspond to each other as they reveal how unique human beings are in their individuality. It shows that urban, rural and rurban gardens are social and sustainable spaces for learning and resisting the capitalist logic that prevails in our society. The relationship between the people of Alta Floresta and the local environment can be seen from the urban backyards, reflecting a mixture of use and conservation of natural resources with an emphasis on meeting the family's primary needs. It can also be seen that the issue in question has not featured much in the discussion agendas of public policies in Brazil, while it should be included in the list of relevant topics since various studies, such as this one, have indicated the need for public policies to deal with urban agriculture, especially in terms of land use, environmental health, social development and incentives for its practice.
This study – socio-environmental biographies cultivated in family gardens in Alta Floresta - Mato Grosso- sets out to investigate some issues related to sustainable local development, specifically the food security of families. These are realities that need to be reflected on, especially given the advent of the coronavirus pandemic. One of the most recent initiatives on the road to sustainability is the 2030 Agenda, which has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this work, the focus has been on the SDGs: 2 - "zero hunger and sustainable agriculture"; 3 - "health and well-being"; 11 - "sustainable cities and communities"; and 12 - "responsible consumption and production". It is known that culturally, before the emergence of commercialization practices in agriculture, families cultivated plants exclusively for subsistence. However, these cultural practices have changed with the modernization of agriculture, especially with the increase in population and the urbanization of large centers and cities, which has led to an increase in the number of people on urban perimeters. The cultivation of food (vegetables and condiment plants) has become more restricted, due to the convenience of finding it in supermarkets, fairs, among others. This has led to a decline in the cultivation of family gardens, with the production of vegetables being left to rural producers. Therefore, a better understanding of kitchen gardens is an important indicator for sustainable local development, a cultural practice that has a direct impact on families' food security. The general objective of this work was, through the exploration of biographies, to investigate forms of knowledge and sources of information, inherited or acquired, for cultivating home gardens in space of Alta Floresta/MT, specifically those carried out by families who cultivate gardens for their own consumption, assessing the impact of these practices on the local environment during the full coronavirus pandemic. To this end, a qualitative bibliographic, documentary and field study was carried out, with interviews using a semi-structured script, made up of open and closed questions, with the families, as well as systematized observations. The data was processed using textual analysis. This study focused on the meanings of families' experiences with their vegetable gardens. The life stories revealed remarkable and real experiences, as if we were opening boxes of living feelings. These boxes are reservoirs of life collected in the space between the boundaries of the past and the present. The interviews recalled paths, routes, smells and tastes. It can be considered that plants with potential for food, in their different categories of use, are an integral part of the daily diet of those surveyed, helping to reduce the monthly expenses of families, specifically in the area of food. The practice of those surveyed is unique compared to other studies in that it shows a socio-economic phenomenon based on more sustainable production, which can be seen in the better use of organic waste as substrates and fertilizers, as well as the control of plant pests and diseases at low cost and with little environmental impact. In addition, the use for family consumption without worrying about selling surplus production can also be considered a different condition among the findings of this study. Among the motivations of those surveyed for owning their own vegetable garden was improved quality of life, a rich source of nutrition, help with mental health, food security, increased family income, interaction with family members and improving the landscape, which is in line with the studies visited in the literature review carried out for this study. Vegetable gardens are an important educational space in which family members have the opportunity to carry out important daily experiences of planting and managing different plant species. These spaces provide opportunities for the construction and re-signification of knowledge based on life history and the relationships created with plants through family and kinship ties, thus ensuring that this rich knowledge of the art of planting, harvesting and conserving remains alive and perpetuated. The Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19) pandemic has not brought relevant changes to the care and cultivation of the vegetable garden for most of those surveyed. However, some reported staying at home for longer, increasing their dedication to the garden. The study shows how the life stories of those surveyed are intertwined and correspond to each other as they reveal how unique human beings are in their individuality. It shows that urban, rural and rurban gardens are social and sustainable spaces for learning and resisting the capitalist logic that prevails in our society. The relationship between the people of Alta Floresta and the local environment can be seen from the urban backyards, reflecting a mixture of use and conservation of natural resources with an emphasis on meeting the family's primary needs. It can also be seen that the issue in question has not featured much in the discussion agendas of public policies in Brazil, while it should be included in the list of relevant topics since various studies, such as this one, have indicated the need for public policies to deal with urban agriculture, especially in terms of land use, environmental health, social development and incentives for its practice.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hortas Familiares; Espaço Urbano; Cultivo; Biografias; Kitchen gardens; Urban space; Cultivation; Biographies
Citação
WANZKE, Iraci Da Rocha. BIOGRAFIAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS CULTIVADAS EM HORTAS FAMILIARES EM ALTA FLORESTA - MATO GROSSO. 2023. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 08 nov. 2023. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4006.