A tutela ambiental municipal à luz dos princípios da precaução e prevenção: estudo de caso da pequena central hidrelétrica autódromo
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Data
2020-11
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Rempel, Claudete
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A instalação da Pequena Central Hidrelétrica Autódromo no rio Carreiro, bacia Taquari-Antas, entre os municípios de Guaporé e Vista Alegre do Prata, cujo rio é fonte de abastecimento do município de Guaporé, entrou em operação em 17 de novembro de 2011. Esta PCH foi motivo de controvérsia entre Poder Público e a sociedade, em decorrência de vários aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos. O presente estudo se concentra na linha de pesquisa de "Espaço e problemas socioambientais" do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, focada no estudo entre a sociedade e natureza: implicações para o desenvolvimento, a cidadania e sustentabilidade. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi identificar se as medidas adotadas pelos municípios de Guaporé e Vista Alegre do Prata, no âmbito das competências municipais, atenderam aos princípios da prevenção e da precaução no processo de instalação da PCH Autódromo. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados aos prefeitos e presidentes da Câmara de Vereadores dos dois municípios, promotor do Ministério Público, diretor de ONGs e representante legal da empresa responsável pela construção. Os resultados demonstraram que a instalação de PCHs são importantes para municípios como Guaporé e Vista Alegre do Prata, visto a relevância para o desenvolvimento dos municípios, novas empresas, renda e para o desenvolvimento social. De outro ponto, no presente estudo percebeu- se que há discordâncias entre os impactos ambientais e sociais causados e que possam vir a surgir em decorrência do empreendimento, mesmo assim, não é possível mensurar a predominância relevantemente positiva ou negativa neste aspecto. Percebeu-se também que a população, a classe política, órgãos públicos e não governamentais tiveram participação na decisão, foram informados dos aspectos da instalação da PCH. Ademais, por meio dos diversos relatórios e estudos, pode-se considerar que os princípios de precaução e prevenção foram atendidos legalmente, entretanto, em função de dúvidas relacionadas aos reais impactos sobre a construção de PCH, dada a contemporaneidade do tema e de danos que fogem ao controle de qualquer estudo empírico, deve-se ter cautela ao definir qualquer conclusão de fato.
The installation of the Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHP) Autódromo went into operation on November 17, 2011. It is located on the Carreiro river, a source of water supply for the city of Guaporé, and part of the Taquari-Antas basin, between the cities of Guaporé and Vista Alegre do Prata. This SHP was a cause of controversy between the local government and the community, due to various environmental, social and economic aspects. The present study is part of the "Space and socio- environmental problems" line of research of the Postgraduate Program in Environment and Development, focused on the study of society and nature: development, citizenship and sustainability implications. The purpose of this study is to identify the attention to the principles of prevention and precaution in the measures adopted by the local governments of Guaporé and Vista Alegre do Prata, within the scope of the municipal competences, in the process of installing the SHP Autódromo. For that, using semi-structured scripts, we have interviewed the mayors and the presidents of the City Councils of the two municipalities, the district attorney, the director of an NGO and the legal representative of the company responsible for the construction. The results showed that the installation of the SHP was considered important for the chosen municipalities, considering its relevance for their development, new companies, and income. On the other hand, we observed that there are disagreements when evaluating the environmental and social impacts caused and that may arise as a result of the undertaking. Because of that, it is not possible to measure its positive or negative predominance. It was also noticed that the population, the political class, public and non-governmental bodies were involved in the decision, and informed of the aspects of the installation of the SHP. In addition, the principles of precaution and prevention were legally fulfilled, however, due to doubts related to the real impacts on the construction of the SHP, given the contemporaneity of the theme and damages that are beyond the control of any empirical study, we should be cautious when getting to any actual conclusion.
The installation of the Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHP) Autódromo went into operation on November 17, 2011. It is located on the Carreiro river, a source of water supply for the city of Guaporé, and part of the Taquari-Antas basin, between the cities of Guaporé and Vista Alegre do Prata. This SHP was a cause of controversy between the local government and the community, due to various environmental, social and economic aspects. The present study is part of the "Space and socio- environmental problems" line of research of the Postgraduate Program in Environment and Development, focused on the study of society and nature: development, citizenship and sustainability implications. The purpose of this study is to identify the attention to the principles of prevention and precaution in the measures adopted by the local governments of Guaporé and Vista Alegre do Prata, within the scope of the municipal competences, in the process of installing the SHP Autódromo. For that, using semi-structured scripts, we have interviewed the mayors and the presidents of the City Councils of the two municipalities, the district attorney, the director of an NGO and the legal representative of the company responsible for the construction. The results showed that the installation of the SHP was considered important for the chosen municipalities, considering its relevance for their development, new companies, and income. On the other hand, we observed that there are disagreements when evaluating the environmental and social impacts caused and that may arise as a result of the undertaking. Because of that, it is not possible to measure its positive or negative predominance. It was also noticed that the population, the political class, public and non-governmental bodies were involved in the decision, and informed of the aspects of the installation of the SHP. In addition, the principles of precaution and prevention were legally fulfilled, however, due to doubts related to the real impacts on the construction of the SHP, given the contemporaneity of the theme and damages that are beyond the control of any empirical study, we should be cautious when getting to any actual conclusion.
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Palavras-chave
Princípio da precaução; Princípio da prevenção; Pequena central hidrelétrica; Precautionary principle; Prevention principle; Small hydroelectric power plant
Citação
SALVAGNI, Francisco Lúcio. A tutela ambiental municipal à luz dos princípios da precaução e prevenção: estudo de caso da pequena central hidrelétrica autódromo. 2020. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 18 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2985.