Riqueza, abundância e composição de insetos aquáticos como indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental
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Data
2020-12
Autores
Orientador
Rempel, Claudete
Banca
Guimarães, Andreia Aparecida
Périco, Eduardo
Horn, Tamara Bianca
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A intensificação da pecuária leiteira tem afetado a qualidade dos recursos hídricos, assim como a vegetação ciliar que compõe as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) dessas regiões, afetando a biota local. Esta tese tem por objetivo avaliar a relação da riqueza, abundância, composição e grupos tróficos funcionais de insetos aquáticos com variações espaciais, sazonais e ambientais, assim como propor um indicador de sustentabilidade ambiental para propriedades leiteiras. Foram realizadas coletas de insetos aquáticos e medições de variáveis físico-químicas da água em doze propriedades leiteiras no Vale do Taquari (RS) nas quatro estações do ano. Para cada amostra foram calculados a riqueza, abundância, composição e grupos tróficos funcionais, além do índice biótico BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System). A riqueza e a abundância foram avaliadas utilizando os testes de Friedman e de Mann-Whitney, e a composição utilizando Análises de Variância Multivariada Permutacional (PERMANOVA) e Escalonamento Multidimensional Não Métrico (NMDS). A influência das variáveis ambientais (parâmetros físico-químicos da água, condições da cobertura vegetal de APP e BMWP) foram avaliadas com Análises de Correspondência Canônica (CCA). Para a proposta de um indicador de sustentabilidade ambiental utilizando insetos aquáticos, foram definidos cinco conceitos de sustentabilidade baseados nos índices de Pielou e de Shannon. Foram coletados 2.724 indivíduos de 38 famílias. A abundância e a riqueza de famílias não variaram entre os pontos de coleta, porém a abundância foi significativamente diferente entre estações. A riqueza de grupos tróficos funcionais variou entre estações, mas não variou entre os pontos de coleta. A composição de grupos tróficos funcionais indicou diferenças significativas entre os pontos, assim como entre estações. Houve correlação significativa entre as variáveis ambientais com abundância e composição de famílias; assim como com abundância de grupos tróficos funcionais. Esta tese reforça o potencial de insetos aquáticos como bioindicadores de impactos oriundos da pecuária leiteira e pode ser utilizada em iniciativas de sustentabilidade ambiental, priorizando a conservação dos recursos naturais, através da identificação de fatores que podem alterar a saúde dos ecossistemas aquáticos.
The intensification of dairy livestock has affected the quality of hydric resources, as well as the riparian forests of permanent preservation areas in these regions, affecting the local biota. This thesis has the aim of assessing the relationship between richness, abundance, composition, and functional trophic groups of aquatic insects with spatial, seasonal, and environmental variation, as well as propose an environmental sustainability indicator to dairy livestock farms. Aquatic insects and physicochemical water data were collected in twelve dairy livestock farms in Vale do Taquari (RS) in the four seasons of the year. To each sample, the richness, abundance, composition, and trophic functional groups were calculated, as well as the biotic index BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System). The richness and abundance were analyzed through Friedman's and Mann-Whitney tests, and the composition through Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). The influence of environmental variables (physicochemical water data, vegetation cover aspects, and BMWP) were assessed through Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). To propose an environmental sustainability indicator using aquatic insects, five sustainability concepts were defined based on Pielou's and Shannon's indexes. A total of 2.724 individuals from 38 families were collected. The abundance and the richness of families did not vary between the sampling points, but the abundance was significantly different between seasons. The richness of trophic functional groups varies between seasons but did not between the sampling points. The composition of trophic functional groups indicated significant differences between the sampling points, as well as the seasons. The environmental variables were correlated to the abundance and composition of families, as well as to the abundance of trophic functional groups. This thesis reinforces the potential of aquatic insects as bioindicators of impacts from dairy livestock farms and can be used in environmentally sustainable initiatives, prioritizing the conservation of natural resources through the identification of the factors that can alter the health of aquatic ecosystems.
The intensification of dairy livestock has affected the quality of hydric resources, as well as the riparian forests of permanent preservation areas in these regions, affecting the local biota. This thesis has the aim of assessing the relationship between richness, abundance, composition, and functional trophic groups of aquatic insects with spatial, seasonal, and environmental variation, as well as propose an environmental sustainability indicator to dairy livestock farms. Aquatic insects and physicochemical water data were collected in twelve dairy livestock farms in Vale do Taquari (RS) in the four seasons of the year. To each sample, the richness, abundance, composition, and trophic functional groups were calculated, as well as the biotic index BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System). The richness and abundance were analyzed through Friedman's and Mann-Whitney tests, and the composition through Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). The influence of environmental variables (physicochemical water data, vegetation cover aspects, and BMWP) were assessed through Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). To propose an environmental sustainability indicator using aquatic insects, five sustainability concepts were defined based on Pielou's and Shannon's indexes. A total of 2.724 individuals from 38 families were collected. The abundance and the richness of families did not vary between the sampling points, but the abundance was significantly different between seasons. The richness of trophic functional groups varies between seasons but did not between the sampling points. The composition of trophic functional groups indicated significant differences between the sampling points, as well as the seasons. The environmental variables were correlated to the abundance and composition of families, as well as to the abundance of trophic functional groups. This thesis reinforces the potential of aquatic insects as bioindicators of impacts from dairy livestock farms and can be used in environmentally sustainable initiatives, prioritizing the conservation of natural resources through the identification of the factors that can alter the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biomonitoramento; Insetos aquáticos; Entomofauna aquática; Pecuária leiteira; Biomonitoring; Aquatic insects; Aquatic entomofauna; Dairy livestock
Citação
EHLERT, Bruna. Riqueza, abundância e composição de insetos aquáticos como indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental. 2020. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 11 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2932.