A utilização do pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA) como estratégia de incremento para a transição agroecológica
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Data
2019-04-03
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Turatti, Luciana
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Resumo
A mudança na estrutura socioeconômica das nações com o crescimento da população, bem como a postura do homem em relação ao meio em que está inserido, corroboram com o fato de que a interação homem/natureza passou, em especial nas últimas décadas, de uma relação de troca saudável, para uma
exploratória dos recursos naturais. Desta feita, a agricultura baseada na monocultura, na aplicação de insumos e na utilização de agrotóxicos, tida como convencional, tornou-se uma das atividades mais nocivas ao meio ambiente. Apesar de tal constatação a transição da agricultura convencional para agroecológica ainda
encontra barreiras de ordem social, jurídico, ambiental e econômica, a despeito de haverem ferramentas para a consolidação de estímulos econômicos. Um dos mecanismos que tem despontado na contemporaneidade como ferramenta de incentivo às práticas sustentáveis é o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais(PSA), que condiciona o recebimento de um benefício à prestação de um serviço ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar de que forma o instrumento econômico denominado PSA pode contribuir para a transição da agricultura moderna/convencional para agroecológica. A abordagem adotada para dar consecução a tal propósito foi a qualitativa através de um estudo descritivo e posterior entrevista semi-estruturada. Como resultados identificou-se que ainda que não haja regulamentação por parte do governo federal, tentativas em esfera estadual de implantação do PSA estão despontando. Neste mesmo sentido, ainda que não tenha sido encontrada uma situação real de aplicação entre PSA e agroecologia, o referencial bibliográfico indica que o emprego deste instrumento para este fim pode representar um avanço no que se refere ao estímulo à transição para uma agricultura sustentável. Nas entrevistas realizadas verificou-se ainda que não sendo a motivação econômica a principal indutora à transição agroecológica dos entrevistados, incentivos não-monetários como doação de insumos orgânicos, ferramentas, cursos e palestras seriam estímulos para a transição.
The change in the socioeconomic structure of nations with population growth, as well as man's position in relation to the environment in which it is inserted, corroborate the fact that man-nature interaction has passed, especially in the last decades, a relationship from healthy exchange, to an exploratory of natural resources. This time, agriculture based on monoculture, the application of inputs and the use of pesticides, considered as conventional, has become one of the most harmful activities to the environment. Despite this, the transition from conventional to agroecological agriculture still faces social, legal, environmental and economic barriers, despite the existence of tools for the consolidation of economic stimuli. One of the mechanisms that has emerged in contemporary times as a tool to encourage sustainable practices is the Payment for Environmental Services (PES), which conditions the receipt of a benefit to the provision of an environmental service. The objective of this work was to verify how the economic instrument called PES can contribute to the transition from modern / conventional to agroecological agriculture. The approach adopted to achieve this purpose was qualitative through a descriptive study and later semi-structured interview. As results, it was identified that although there is no regulation by the federal government, attempts in the state sphere of implantation of the PES are emerging. In this same sense, although a real situation of application between PES and agroecology has not been found, the bibliographic reference indicates that the use of this instrument for this purpose can represent a step forward in what stimulates the transition to a sustainable agriculture. In the interviews conducted, it was also verified that economic motivation was not the main driver for the agroecological transition of the interviewees, non-monetary incentives such as donations of organic inputs, tools, courses and lectures would be stimulus for the transition.
The change in the socioeconomic structure of nations with population growth, as well as man's position in relation to the environment in which it is inserted, corroborate the fact that man-nature interaction has passed, especially in the last decades, a relationship from healthy exchange, to an exploratory of natural resources. This time, agriculture based on monoculture, the application of inputs and the use of pesticides, considered as conventional, has become one of the most harmful activities to the environment. Despite this, the transition from conventional to agroecological agriculture still faces social, legal, environmental and economic barriers, despite the existence of tools for the consolidation of economic stimuli. One of the mechanisms that has emerged in contemporary times as a tool to encourage sustainable practices is the Payment for Environmental Services (PES), which conditions the receipt of a benefit to the provision of an environmental service. The objective of this work was to verify how the economic instrument called PES can contribute to the transition from modern / conventional to agroecological agriculture. The approach adopted to achieve this purpose was qualitative through a descriptive study and later semi-structured interview. As results, it was identified that although there is no regulation by the federal government, attempts in the state sphere of implantation of the PES are emerging. In this same sense, although a real situation of application between PES and agroecology has not been found, the bibliographic reference indicates that the use of this instrument for this purpose can represent a step forward in what stimulates the transition to a sustainable agriculture. In the interviews conducted, it was also verified that economic motivation was not the main driver for the agroecological transition of the interviewees, non-monetary incentives such as donations of organic inputs, tools, courses and lectures would be stimulus for the transition.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Instrumento econômico; Agricultura convencional; PSA; Agroecologia; Economic instrument; Conventional agriculture; PES; Agroecology
Citação
GOSSENHEIMER, Iasmim Cardoso. A utilização do pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA) como estratégia de incremento para a transição agroecológica. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 27 nov. 2018. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2471.