Residência em saúde: os olhares do preceptor sobre os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem
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Data
2018-08-07
Autores
Orientador
Schwertner, Suzana Feldens
Banca
Munhoz, Angélica Vier
Dallegrave, Daniela
Pulga, Vanderléia
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Como se ensina a cuidar? Como se aprende a ensinar na formação em saúde? Impulsionado por tais inquietações, este trabalho, que apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada junto ao Programa de Mestrado em Ensino da Univates, buscou investigar os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (RMS), sob o olhar dos preceptores. Tal modalidade de ensino, ofertada em nível de pós-graduação, tem como finalidade qualificar os profissionais de saúde no tempo e espaço do serviço. Como aporte teórico, a pesquisa contou com estudos de Foucault (2009, 2012, 2013) para a compreensão da constituição do sujeito do conhecimento, dos modos de subjetivação e da produção dos discursos; de Kastrup (1999, 2005, 2008), que apresenta a possibilidade de pensar a aprendizagem de
modo inventivo, distanciando-se do modelo da representação, recognição; e de Merhy (2007, 2009), que entende o cuidado em saúde como um trabalho vivo que se faz em ato e assim permite a atualização dos modos de produzir cuidado. Este trabalho também buscou traçar uma conversa com a história do Mágico de Oz (BAUM, 2013), ao problematizar os processos de ensinar e de aprender, bem como a relação construída entre ensinante e aprendente pelos caminhos da Residência. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas aliadas ao processo de foto-elicitação com sete preceptoras da RMS - Ênfase em Saúde da Família das áreas de Nutrição, Psicologia, Enfermagem e Fisioterapia, vinculadas à Universidade do Vale do Taquari e à Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Lajeado. O tratamento dos dados foi orientado pela análise de discurso foucaultiana. Destaca-se a Residência como um programa de ensino em serviço, que vem sendo construído por meio da atuação das preceptoras e residentes, e se compõe no fazer cotidiano de saúde. Neste contexto, os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem acontecem em ato, mediados pelo diálogo, pelo trabalho em equipe e de modo interdisciplinar. As preceptoras anunciam que essa vivência possibilita suspender o tempo e permite a abertura a novas buscas, ao encontro com o outro, tecendo coletivas aprendizagens sobre o cuidado em saúde. A formação das Preceptoras também acontece no caminho trilhado pelo País das Residências, articulada pela constelação de fluxos e forças presentes neste cenário. Dessa forma, pode ser ampliada com a criação de espaços que permitam a troca das experiências vivenciadas bem como as dúvidas e possibilidades criativas que compõem o repertório docente de cada Preceptora. Acredita-se que investigar sobre a temática da RMS mostrou-se uma forma de conhecer os modos de ensinar e aprender no cuidado em saúde, que se apresentam indissociáveis e suscetíveis à atualização permanente. Por fim, adentrar o território da RMS permitiu reconhecer a potência dessa proposta de formação em saúde, voltada para a humanização, a integralidade do cuidado e o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.
How can care be taught? How to learn how to teach in health training? Leveraged by such restlessness, this paper presents the results from research carried out at the Univates Teaching Masters Program and it sought to investigate the teaching and learning processes at the Multiprofessional Health Internship (Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde - RMS) from the viewpoint of the preceptors. That teaching modality is offered at the post-graduation level with the purpose of qualifying health professionals within the service time and space. For the theoretical foundation, the research relied on Foucalt studies (2009, 2012, 2013) to comprehend the constitution of the knowledge subject, the forms of subjectivation and production of discourse; those of Kastrup (1999, 2005, 2008), which presents the possibility of thinking about learning in an inventive fashion; and those of Merhy (2007, 2009, 2013), who understands health care as living work that is performed in acts and thus allows for updating the manners of producing care. This paper also sought to outline a conversation with the Wizard of Oz history (BAUM, 2013) by problematizing the teaching and learning processes, as well as the relation built between teacher and learner along the paths of the Internship. Semistructured interviews were applied in conjunction with the photo-eliciting process with seven RMS preceptors - Emphasis in Familiy Health in the areas of Nutrition, Psychology, Nursing, and Physiotherapy linked to the Vale to Taquari University and the Lajeado Municipal Health Office. Data handling was guided by Foucalt's discourse analysis. The Internship is highlighted as an in-service teaching program that is being constructed by means of the preceptors and interns activities and is comprised in the daily health deeds. Within this context, the teaching and learning processes take place in acts, mediated by dialog, team work and an interdisciplinary fashion. The preceptors state that such experience allows to suspend time and to open new pursuits, heading towards the other and weaving collective learning about health care. Preceptor training also takes place along the path followed by the Internship Country, articulated by the constellation of flows and forces that are present in such a scenario. This way, it may be broadened through the creation of spaces that would allow for exchanging the experiences lived as well as the doubts and creative possibilities that comprise each Preceptor's teaching repertoire It is believed that investigating the RMS issue has shown to be a way of learning about teaching and learning health care that appear as being inseparable and susceptible to permanent updating. Lastly, seeping into the RMS allowed for the acknowledgment of the power of this health training proposal aimed at health humanization and wholesomeness and the strengthening of the Single Health Care System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS).
How can care be taught? How to learn how to teach in health training? Leveraged by such restlessness, this paper presents the results from research carried out at the Univates Teaching Masters Program and it sought to investigate the teaching and learning processes at the Multiprofessional Health Internship (Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde - RMS) from the viewpoint of the preceptors. That teaching modality is offered at the post-graduation level with the purpose of qualifying health professionals within the service time and space. For the theoretical foundation, the research relied on Foucalt studies (2009, 2012, 2013) to comprehend the constitution of the knowledge subject, the forms of subjectivation and production of discourse; those of Kastrup (1999, 2005, 2008), which presents the possibility of thinking about learning in an inventive fashion; and those of Merhy (2007, 2009, 2013), who understands health care as living work that is performed in acts and thus allows for updating the manners of producing care. This paper also sought to outline a conversation with the Wizard of Oz history (BAUM, 2013) by problematizing the teaching and learning processes, as well as the relation built between teacher and learner along the paths of the Internship. Semistructured interviews were applied in conjunction with the photo-eliciting process with seven RMS preceptors - Emphasis in Familiy Health in the areas of Nutrition, Psychology, Nursing, and Physiotherapy linked to the Vale to Taquari University and the Lajeado Municipal Health Office. Data handling was guided by Foucalt's discourse analysis. The Internship is highlighted as an in-service teaching program that is being constructed by means of the preceptors and interns activities and is comprised in the daily health deeds. Within this context, the teaching and learning processes take place in acts, mediated by dialog, team work and an interdisciplinary fashion. The preceptors state that such experience allows to suspend time and to open new pursuits, heading towards the other and weaving collective learning about health care. Preceptor training also takes place along the path followed by the Internship Country, articulated by the constellation of flows and forces that are present in such a scenario. This way, it may be broadened through the creation of spaces that would allow for exchanging the experiences lived as well as the doubts and creative possibilities that comprise each Preceptor's teaching repertoire It is believed that investigating the RMS issue has shown to be a way of learning about teaching and learning health care that appear as being inseparable and susceptible to permanent updating. Lastly, seeping into the RMS allowed for the acknowledgment of the power of this health training proposal aimed at health humanization and wholesomeness and the strengthening of the Single Health Care System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Residência; Ensino; Aprendizagem; Preceptor; Formação pedagógica
Citação
ZANELATTO, Elisângela Mara. Residência em saúde: os olhares do preceptor sobre os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ensino, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 23 fev. 2018. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2161.