Atividades investigativas no estudo da termodinâmica: incentivando a autonomia do estudante
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2018-08-06
Autores
Orientador
Marchi, Miriam Ines
Banca
Gonzatti, Sonia Elisa Marchi
Rehfeldt, Márcia Jussara Hepp
Neide, Italo Gabriel
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A maioria dos estudantes do Ensino Médio apresentam dificuldades em relação aos conteúdos de Física, nesse sentido é importante buscar novas metodologias e estratégias de ensino nos processos de Ensino e de Aprendizagem. O objetivo deste trabalho, que implica em uma intervenção pedagógica, é avaliar as possibilidades e desafios de trabalhar com atividades investigativas no ensino de termodinâmica, em uma turma de ensino médio, a fim de contribuir para a autonomia dos estudantes. A pesquisa proposta é de cunho qualitativo e um estudo de caso, em que foi abordado o estudo da Termodinâmica aplicada aos processos energéticos do corpo humano, buscando associar o trabalho (W), a energia interna (∆U) e a quantidade de calor (Q), ao corpo humano. A prática pedagógica ocorreu no 1o Semestre de 2017, com cerca de 40
estudantes de uma turma de 2o ano de Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública do município de Sinop – MT. As atividades propostas de caráter investigativo foram desenvolvidas em diversos espaços de aprendizagem, como sala de aula, laboratório de informática (simulações no PhET), Praça da Bíblia e culminaram com a Feira de Ciências. Os conhecimentos prévios e posteriores dos alunos foram diagnosticados por meio da construção de mapas conceituais. As atividades de investigação foram problematizadas, permitindo que os alunos pudessem levantar hipóteses e tirar suas próprias conclusões, intermediadas pela professora. Para avaliar a percepção dos alunos frente à proposta pedagógica, ao término da intervenção foi realizada uma entrevista de
forma individual. A metodologia adotada evidencia que a construção de conhecimento dos alunos frente aos conceitos da Termodinâmica foi facilitada, sendo que, os mesmos mostraram entusiasmo e iniciativa para buscar mais informações sobre o tema abordado. Ao término da pesquisa constata-se que, quando é realizado um trabalho com caráter investigativo, usando como pressuposto as metodologias ativas de ensino, a aprendizagem pode ser facilitada, ocorrendo indícios de autonomia dos estudantes. Tais indícios foram obtidos principalmente, na construção dos mapas conceituais pós-teste, e apresentação de trabalhos na feira de ciências, quando os estudantes foram além dos conceitos que foram solicitados.
The majority of high school students present difficulties regarding the content of Physics, in this sense it is important to seek new methodologies and teaching strategies in the teaching and learning processes. The objective of this work, which implies a pedagogical intervention, is to evaluate the possibilities and challenges of working with investigative activities in the teaching of thermodynamics, in a high school class, in order to contribute to student autonomy. The proposed research is qualitative and a case study, in which the study of Thermodynamics applied to the energy processes of the human body was approached, seeking to associate work (W), internal energy (ΔU) and amount of heat ( Q) to the human body. The pedagogical practice occurred in the 1st Semester of 2017, with about 40 students of a high school class from a public school in the municipality of Sinop - MT. The proposed activities of investigative character were developed in diverse spaces of learning, like classroom, computer laboratory (simulations in the PhET), leisure space and culminated with the Fair of Sciences. The students' previous and later knowledge were diagnosed through the construction of conceptual maps. The research activities were problematized, allowing the students to hypothesize and draw their own conclusions, intermediated by the teacher. In order to evaluate the students' perception of the pedagogical proposal, at the end of the intervention an individual interview was conducted. The methodology adopted shows that the construction of students' knowledge regarding the concepts of thermodynamics was facilitated, and that they showed enthusiasm and initiative to seek more information about the topic addressed. At the end of the research, it is verified that, when a research work is carried out, using the active teaching methodologies, learning can be facilitated, and there are signs of students' autonomy. Such clues were obtained mainly in the construction of the conceptual maps post-test, and presentation of works in the science fair, when the students went beyond the concepts that were requested.
The majority of high school students present difficulties regarding the content of Physics, in this sense it is important to seek new methodologies and teaching strategies in the teaching and learning processes. The objective of this work, which implies a pedagogical intervention, is to evaluate the possibilities and challenges of working with investigative activities in the teaching of thermodynamics, in a high school class, in order to contribute to student autonomy. The proposed research is qualitative and a case study, in which the study of Thermodynamics applied to the energy processes of the human body was approached, seeking to associate work (W), internal energy (ΔU) and amount of heat ( Q) to the human body. The pedagogical practice occurred in the 1st Semester of 2017, with about 40 students of a high school class from a public school in the municipality of Sinop - MT. The proposed activities of investigative character were developed in diverse spaces of learning, like classroom, computer laboratory (simulations in the PhET), leisure space and culminated with the Fair of Sciences. The students' previous and later knowledge were diagnosed through the construction of conceptual maps. The research activities were problematized, allowing the students to hypothesize and draw their own conclusions, intermediated by the teacher. In order to evaluate the students' perception of the pedagogical proposal, at the end of the intervention an individual interview was conducted. The methodology adopted shows that the construction of students' knowledge regarding the concepts of thermodynamics was facilitated, and that they showed enthusiasm and initiative to seek more information about the topic addressed. At the end of the research, it is verified that, when a research work is carried out, using the active teaching methodologies, learning can be facilitated, and there are signs of students' autonomy. Such clues were obtained mainly in the construction of the conceptual maps post-test, and presentation of works in the science fair, when the students went beyond the concepts that were requested.
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Palavras-chave
Práticas investigativas; Estratégias de Ensino; Autonomia dos Estudantes; Mapas Conceituais; Termodinâmica e Corpo Humano
Citação
PUHL, Neiva Mara. Atividades investigativas no estudo da termodinâmica: incentivando a autonomia do estudante. 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ensino de Ciências Exatas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 13 dez. 2017. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2154.