O ensino de eletromagnetismo por meio da integração entre atividades experimentais e computacionais: contribuições para o entendimento da indução eletromagnética
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2017-06
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Neide, Italo Gabriel
Banca
Neide, Italo Gabriel
Heidemann, Leonardo Albuquerque
Marchi, Miriam Ines
Quartieri, Marli Teresinha
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Esta dissertação se refere ao uso de atividades experimentais integradas a atividades computacionais no ensino de eletromagnetismo como recurso didático para a compreensão da indução eletromagnética. A pesquisa teve como problema o seguinte questionamento: como atividades experimentais e computacionais integradas influenciam as atitudes e motivações dos estudantes frente às aulas de indução eletromagnética? Realizou-se a investigação no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins (IFTO), localizado na cidade de Palmas, no Tocantins, com trinta alunos de quatro turmas: uma de terceiro ano e três de quarto ano do ensino médio técnico. Os objetivos específicos que serviram de base para este estudo foram identificar os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos sobre os conceitos físicos necessários para que seja possível introduzir o tema indução eletromagnética; elaborar e desenvolver atividades experimentais e computacionais de forma integrada considerando os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos; analisar as possíveis contribuições das atividades desenvolvidas durante a prática pedagógica no ensino do conceito de indução eletromagnética e nas atitudes e motivações dos estudantes diante das aulas. A arquitetura metodológica dessa pesquisa foi construída com base nas técnicas qualitativas. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário inicial, guias POE durante as atividades, um diário de campo, fotos, gravações de vídeo e um questionário final. As informações obtidas indicam que: a) Os alunos deixaram claro, no questionário inicial, que possuíam os conhecimentos necessários para que se pudesse introduzir o assunto de indução eletromagnética. Eles mostraram habilidade com conceitos de magnetismo, apesar de mostrarem dificuldades em conceitos que envolvem eletrodinâmica; b) O material elaborado e proposto nesta prática, os guias POE, mostrou ser eficiente, pois possibilitou promover o engajamento cognitivo e a interação entre os estudantes e com os recursos instrucionais. O material permitiu ainda a negociação de significados entre os alunos e com isso se pôde avaliar sua compreensão em relação ao conceito de indução eletromagnética; c) Os alunos mostraram mais interesse pelas aulas, além de se mostraram mais curiosos; d) Com as aulas envolvendo experimentos e simulações, os alunos passaram a participar mais, começaram a interagir, discutir e levantar questionamentos. No fim do processo de intervenção notou-se que os alunos avaliaram tal procedimento de forma positiva e que integrar experimentação real com informática para entender melhor os conceitos sobre eletromagnetismo é uma alternativa de ensino motivadora, o que os instigou à curiosidade. Dessa forma, conclui-se que integrar atividades experimentais a atividades computacionais promove engajamento dos alunos na realização de seus estudos.
This dissertation refers to the use of experimental activities integrated to computational activities in the teaching of electromagnetism as a didactic resource for the understanding of electromagnetic induction. The research had as problem the following question: how integrated experimental and computational activities influence the attitudes and motivations of the students before the classes of electromagnetic induction? The research was carried out at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins (IFTO), located in the city of Palmas, Tocantins, with thirty students from four classes: one from third year and three from fourth year of high school. The specific objectives that served as the basis for this study were to identify the students' previous knowledge about the physical concepts necessary to introduce the subject electromagnetic induction; Elaborate and develop experimental and computational activities in an integrated way considering the previous knowledge of the students; To analyze the possible contributions of the activities developed during the pedagogical practice in teaching the concept of electromagnetic induction and in the attitudes and motivations of the students before the classes. The methodological architecture of this research was built based on qualitative techniques. For data collection, an initial questionnaire was used, POE guides during the activities, a field diary, photos, video recordings and a final questionnaire. The information obtained indicates that: a) The students made clear in the initial questionnaire that they possessed the necessary knowledge to introduce the subject of electromagnetic induction. They showed ability with concepts of magnetism, although they show difficulties in concepts that involve electrodynamics; B) The material elaborated and proposed in this practice, the POE guides, proved to be efficient, since it allowed to promote the cognitive engagement and the interaction between the students and with the instructional resources. The material also allowed the negotiation of meanings among the students and with that it was possible to evaluate their understanding in relation to the concept of electromagnetic induction; C) The students showed more interest in the classes, in addition to being more curious; D) With classes involving experiments and simulations, students started to participate more, began to interact, discuss and raise questions. At the end of the intervention process it was noticed that the students evaluated this procedure in a positive way and that integrating real experimentation with computer science to better understand the concepts about electromagnetism is an alternative of motivating teaching, which instigated them to curiosity. In this way, it is concluded that integrating experimental activities with computational activities promotes the students' engagement in the accomplishment of their studies.
This dissertation refers to the use of experimental activities integrated to computational activities in the teaching of electromagnetism as a didactic resource for the understanding of electromagnetic induction. The research had as problem the following question: how integrated experimental and computational activities influence the attitudes and motivations of the students before the classes of electromagnetic induction? The research was carried out at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins (IFTO), located in the city of Palmas, Tocantins, with thirty students from four classes: one from third year and three from fourth year of high school. The specific objectives that served as the basis for this study were to identify the students' previous knowledge about the physical concepts necessary to introduce the subject electromagnetic induction; Elaborate and develop experimental and computational activities in an integrated way considering the previous knowledge of the students; To analyze the possible contributions of the activities developed during the pedagogical practice in teaching the concept of electromagnetic induction and in the attitudes and motivations of the students before the classes. The methodological architecture of this research was built based on qualitative techniques. For data collection, an initial questionnaire was used, POE guides during the activities, a field diary, photos, video recordings and a final questionnaire. The information obtained indicates that: a) The students made clear in the initial questionnaire that they possessed the necessary knowledge to introduce the subject of electromagnetic induction. They showed ability with concepts of magnetism, although they show difficulties in concepts that involve electrodynamics; B) The material elaborated and proposed in this practice, the POE guides, proved to be efficient, since it allowed to promote the cognitive engagement and the interaction between the students and with the instructional resources. The material also allowed the negotiation of meanings among the students and with that it was possible to evaluate their understanding in relation to the concept of electromagnetic induction; C) The students showed more interest in the classes, in addition to being more curious; D) With classes involving experiments and simulations, students started to participate more, began to interact, discuss and raise questions. At the end of the intervention process it was noticed that the students evaluated this procedure in a positive way and that integrating real experimentation with computer science to better understand the concepts about electromagnetism is an alternative of motivating teaching, which instigated them to curiosity. In this way, it is concluded that integrating experimental activities with computational activities promotes the students' engagement in the accomplishment of their studies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atividades experimentais; Atividades computacionais; Indução eletromagnética; Ensino de Física
Citação
RODRIGUES, José Jorge Vale. O ensino de eletromagnetismo por meio da integração entre atividades experimentais e computacionais: contribuições para o entendimento da indução eletromagnética. 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ensino de Ciências Exatas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 15 dez. 2016. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1569.