EFICIÊNCIA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS PARA A RESTAURAÇÃO DE UMA ÁREA DEGRADADA NA MARGEM DO RIO FORQUETA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
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Data
2023
Autores
Orientador
Freitas, Elisete Maria De
Banca
Johann, Liana
Echer, Regis
Temponi, Lívia Godinho
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Resumo
As florestas ribeirinhas vêm sendo degradadas pela ação antrópica direta ou pelas consequências destas ações, como é o caso da invasão por espécies exóticas. Elas constituem Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) e, quando degradadas, necessitam ser restauradas através da aplicação de metodologias que visam ao reestabelecimento da cobertura vegetal nativa. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficiência da associação das técnicas de restauração ecológica com controle de exóticas invasoras para a restauração de uma área degradada na margem esquerda do Rio Forqueta, no município de Travesseiro, Rio Grande do Sul. Como metodologia, foi realizada entrevista com o proprietário para conhecer o histórico de uso e ocupação da área. Também foram coletadas cinco amostras compostas de solo ao longo da área de estudo para análises físicas e químicas. Foram aplicados cinco tratamentos compostos por Núcleos de Anderson (NA), Núcleos de Anderson + Transposição de Solo (NA+TS), Núcleos de Anderson + Poleiros Artificiais (NA+PA), Núcleos de Anderson + Transposição de Solo + Poleiros Artificiais (NA+TS+PA) e Tratamento Controle (Sucessão Natural) (TC), todos com três repetições, distribuídas aleatoriamente ao longo da área. As análises físicas e químicas mostraram que o solo é arenoso, com deficiência de matéria orgânica e apresenta elevada quantidade de micronutrientes. Foram realizadas três roçadas ao longo de 11 meses para controle das plantas invasoras, uma realizada antes da aplicação das técnicas e as outras em intervalos de cinco meses. Para avaliar a evolução da vegetação, foram realizados três levantamentos fitossociológicos em todas as repetições dos tratamentos, acompanhamento da germinação nos poleiros artificiais e transposições de solo, e de sobrevivência e crescimento dos indivíduos plantados. Não houve germinação de plantas nativas no entorno dos poleiros e nas transposições de solo. Ao final de 14 meses, 20% das mudas plantadas sobreviveram. As roçadas não foram suficientes para eliminar completamente os indivíduos exóticos, que continuaram dominantes na área de estudo, comprometendo o estabelecimento e o crescimento de plantas nativas, tornando as técnicas de restauração ineficientes. No entanto, a roçada inicial diminuiu temporariamente a cobertura de exóticas, o que favoreceu o aumento da cobertura e riqueza de espécies nativas. Porém, do segundo para o terceiro tempo de avaliação, ocorreu a redução desses parâmetros para as espécies nativas. A partir do insucesso, núcleos de semeaduras foram adicionados em cada repetição dos tratamentos, exceto no TC. Contudo, devido às condições do solo, cobertura de exóticas, altas temperaturas e falta de chuva, houve poucas germinações, quando comparado ao total de sementes utilizadas, e parte dos indivíduos que germinaram não conseguiram se desenvolver. Das 7152 sementes utilizadas nas semeaduras, 3052 (42,67) germinaram, mas até o final das análises apenas 1884 (26,34% do total de sementes) plântulas germinadas sobreviveram. Para a adequada restauração da área do estudo, sugere-se a adoção de práticas para a eliminação permanente das plantas exóticas invasoras, pois sua competição com as nativas impede a restauração da área, seguido do fornecimento de matéria orgânica no solo.
The riparian forests are degraded by direct anthropic action or by its consequences, which is the case of exotic species. They constitute Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and, when degraded, need restoration through the application of methodologies that aim to restore the native vegetation cover. So, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of association techniques of ecology restoration with control of exotic invasive species for the restoration of a degraded area in the riverbank of the Forqueta river, in the municipality of Travesseiro, Rio Grande do Sul. An interview was conducted with the owner of the area to get to know the area’s history of use and occupation. Also, five soil-composed samples were collected along the study area for physical and chemical analysis. Five treatments were applied, composed of Anderson Nuclei (NA), Anderson Nuclei + Soil Transposition (NA+TS), Anderson Nuclei + Artificial Perches (NA+PA), Anderson Nuclei + Soil Transposition + Artificial Perches (NA+TS+PA), and the Control Treatment (Natural Succession) (TC), all with three repetitions distributed along the area. The physical and chemical analysis showed that the soil is sandy, with organic matter deficiency, and presents a high quantity of micronutrients. Three cuttings of vegetation were performed over 11 months to control exotic invasive species, one done before the application of the techniques and the others in five-month intervals. To evaluate the evolution of the vegetation, three phytosociological surveys were conducted in all treatments’ repetitions, monitoring the germination in the artificial perches, soil transposition, and survival and growth of planted individuals. There was no germination around the perches and in the soil transposition. After 14 months, 20% of the planted seedlings survived. The vegetation cuttings were not effective in completely eliminating the exotic individuals, that continued to dominate the study area, compromising the establishment and growth of native plants, turning the restoration techniques inefficient. However, the initial cutting temporarily reduced the exotic species' cover, which benefited the increase of cover and richness of native species. But from the second to the third periods of evaluation, the parameters of native species reduced. Because of the unsuccess, the sow nuclei were added to each treatment repetition, except for the TC. But because of the soil conditions, the cover of exotic species, high temperatures, and lack of rain, few germinations occurred when compared to the used seeds, and the few individuals that did germinate didn’t develop. Of 7152 seeds used in the sowing, 3052 (42.67%) germinated, but at the end of the analysis, only 1884 (26.34% of the total seeds) germinated seedlings survived. For the adequate restoration of the study area, the adoption of permanent practices of exotic plants elimination is suggested, because their competition with native species hinders the area’s restoration, followed by the supply of organic matter to the soil.
The riparian forests are degraded by direct anthropic action or by its consequences, which is the case of exotic species. They constitute Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and, when degraded, need restoration through the application of methodologies that aim to restore the native vegetation cover. So, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of association techniques of ecology restoration with control of exotic invasive species for the restoration of a degraded area in the riverbank of the Forqueta river, in the municipality of Travesseiro, Rio Grande do Sul. An interview was conducted with the owner of the area to get to know the area’s history of use and occupation. Also, five soil-composed samples were collected along the study area for physical and chemical analysis. Five treatments were applied, composed of Anderson Nuclei (NA), Anderson Nuclei + Soil Transposition (NA+TS), Anderson Nuclei + Artificial Perches (NA+PA), Anderson Nuclei + Soil Transposition + Artificial Perches (NA+TS+PA), and the Control Treatment (Natural Succession) (TC), all with three repetitions distributed along the area. The physical and chemical analysis showed that the soil is sandy, with organic matter deficiency, and presents a high quantity of micronutrients. Three cuttings of vegetation were performed over 11 months to control exotic invasive species, one done before the application of the techniques and the others in five-month intervals. To evaluate the evolution of the vegetation, three phytosociological surveys were conducted in all treatments’ repetitions, monitoring the germination in the artificial perches, soil transposition, and survival and growth of planted individuals. There was no germination around the perches and in the soil transposition. After 14 months, 20% of the planted seedlings survived. The vegetation cuttings were not effective in completely eliminating the exotic individuals, that continued to dominate the study area, compromising the establishment and growth of native plants, turning the restoration techniques inefficient. However, the initial cutting temporarily reduced the exotic species' cover, which benefited the increase of cover and richness of native species. But from the second to the third periods of evaluation, the parameters of native species reduced. Because of the unsuccess, the sow nuclei were added to each treatment repetition, except for the TC. But because of the soil conditions, the cover of exotic species, high temperatures, and lack of rain, few germinations occurred when compared to the used seeds, and the few individuals that did germinate didn’t develop. Of 7152 seeds used in the sowing, 3052 (42.67%) germinated, but at the end of the analysis, only 1884 (26.34% of the total seeds) germinated seedlings survived. For the adequate restoration of the study area, the adoption of permanent practices of exotic plants elimination is suggested, because their competition with native species hinders the area’s restoration, followed by the supply of organic matter to the soil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Florestas ribeirinhas; Recuperação ambiental; Sucessão natural; Nucleação; Manejo adaptativo; riparian forest; environmental recovery; natural succession; nucleation; adaptive management
Citação
CHEMIN, Augusto Pretto. EFICIÊNCIA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS PARA A RESTAURAÇÃO DE UMA ÁREA DEGRADADA NA MARGEM DO RIO FORQUETA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL. 2023. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 31 mar. 2023. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3893.