Aplicação de timol e carvacrol, combinados com antimicrobianos comerciais, no tratamento de mastite bovina
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Data
2024-11-04
Autores
Orientador
Hoehne, Lucélia
Banca
Bustamante Filho, Ivan Cunha
Steffens, Juliana
Moreira, Clarissa Marques
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Resumo
A mastite bovina é uma inflamação da glândula mamária causada por infecções de origem multifatorial, cuja erradicação é desafiadora. O tratamento medicamentoso é essencial para melhorar o bem-estar animal, garantir a qualidade do leite ao eliminar microrganismos e reduzir o número glândulas mamárias infectadas no rebanho. A condição inflamatória causada pela mastite afeta tanto a quantidade quanto a qualidade do leite, tornando-o inadequado para consumo direto e para a produção de derivados lácteos. As perdas econômicas globais devido à mastite são significativas, com estimativas que alcançam bilhões de dólares anualmente, refletindo impactos devido aos custos de tratamento e a perda da produção de leite. A mastite bovina é uma doença complexa que requer abordagens integradas para prevenção e tratamento, visando minimizar os impactos econômicos e garantir a segurança alimentar, onde estratégias futuras devem focar em alternativas terapêuticas sustentáveis e na gestão responsável de antimicrobianos para preservar a saúde animal e humana, uma vez que a resistência antimicrobiana representa um desafio crescente, limitando a eficácia dos tratamentos disponíveis e aumentando os custos de produção. Compostos naturais, como os monoterpenos timol e carvacrol, encontrados em plantas como o tomilho e o orégano, apresentam atividade antimicrobiana significativa contra patógenos associados à mastite bovina. Este estudo objetivou analisar a atividade antimicrobiana de timol e carvacrol, de forma isolada e associados a antimicrobianos, frente a isolados clínicos de mastite bovina, visando uma alternativa à resistência microbiológica. Para isso testes de microdiluição em caldo com as soluções (40 mg.mL-1) de diferentes proporções de timol e carvacrol (T100%, T75%C+C25%, T50%+C50%, T25%+C75%, C100%) isolados e em concomitância aos antimicrobianos ampicilina (32 µg.mL-1), clindamicina (16 µg.mL-1) e vancomicina (64 µg.mL-1) foram realizados além de ensaio de citotoxicidade ao timol e carvacrol, utilizando células Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF.7). Como resultados, os ensaios de microdiluição em caldo encontraram resultados promissores frente às bactérias isoladas clinicamente, obtendo uma redução da Concentração inibitória mínima da clincamicina de >16,000 µg.mL-1 (em solução pura) para 0,500 µg.mL-1 (em solução com timol e carvacrol); da mesma forma com que nosso estudo concluiu que timol e carvacrol não possuem citotoxicidade frente às célula MCF.7, o que sinaliza sua viabilidade em tratamentos microbiológicos.
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by infections of multifactorial origin, and its eradication remains challenging. Drug treatment is crucial for improving animal welfare, ensuring milk quality by eliminating microorganisms, and reducing the number of infected mammary glands in the herd. Mastitis affects both the quantity and quality of milk, rendering it unsuitable for direct consumption and for the production of dairy products. The global economic losses due to mastitis are substantial, with estimates reaching billions of dollars annually, reflecting costs associated with treatment and lost milk production. Bovine mastitis is a complex disease that requires integrated approaches to prevention and treatment, aiming to minimize economic impacts and ensure food security. Future strategies should focus on sustainable therapeutic alternatives and responsible management of antimicrobials to preserve animal and human health, as antimicrobial resistance represents a growing challenge. This resistance limits the effectiveness of available treatments and increases production costs. Natural compounds, such as the monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol, found in plants like thyme and oregano, exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens associated with bovine mastitis. Our study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of thymol and carvacrol, both individually and in combination with antimicrobials, against clinical isolates of bovine mastitis, as a potential alternative to combat microbiological resistance. To achieve this, we performed broth microdilution tests with solutions (40 mg/mL-1) of different proportions of thymol and carvacrol (T100%, T75%C25%, T50%+C50%, T25%+C75%, C100%) alone and in combination with the antimicrobials ampicillin (32 µg/mL-1), clindamycin (16 µg/mL-1), and vancomycin (64 µg/mL-1). Additionally, we conducted a cytotoxicity assay of thymol and carvacrol using Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. Our broth microdilution assays yielded promising results against clinically isolated bacteria, showing a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of clindamycin from >16,000 µg/mL-1 (in pure solution) to 0.500 µg/mL-1 (in solution with thymol and carvacrol). Furthermore, our study concluded that thymol and carvacrol do not exhibit cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, indicating their potential viability in microbiological treatments.
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by infections of multifactorial origin, and its eradication remains challenging. Drug treatment is crucial for improving animal welfare, ensuring milk quality by eliminating microorganisms, and reducing the number of infected mammary glands in the herd. Mastitis affects both the quantity and quality of milk, rendering it unsuitable for direct consumption and for the production of dairy products. The global economic losses due to mastitis are substantial, with estimates reaching billions of dollars annually, reflecting costs associated with treatment and lost milk production. Bovine mastitis is a complex disease that requires integrated approaches to prevention and treatment, aiming to minimize economic impacts and ensure food security. Future strategies should focus on sustainable therapeutic alternatives and responsible management of antimicrobials to preserve animal and human health, as antimicrobial resistance represents a growing challenge. This resistance limits the effectiveness of available treatments and increases production costs. Natural compounds, such as the monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol, found in plants like thyme and oregano, exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens associated with bovine mastitis. Our study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of thymol and carvacrol, both individually and in combination with antimicrobials, against clinical isolates of bovine mastitis, as a potential alternative to combat microbiological resistance. To achieve this, we performed broth microdilution tests with solutions (40 mg/mL-1) of different proportions of thymol and carvacrol (T100%, T75%C25%, T50%+C50%, T25%+C75%, C100%) alone and in combination with the antimicrobials ampicillin (32 µg/mL-1), clindamycin (16 µg/mL-1), and vancomycin (64 µg/mL-1). Additionally, we conducted a cytotoxicity assay of thymol and carvacrol using Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. Our broth microdilution assays yielded promising results against clinically isolated bacteria, showing a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of clindamycin from >16,000 µg/mL-1 (in pure solution) to 0.500 µg/mL-1 (in solution with thymol and carvacrol). Furthermore, our study concluded that thymol and carvacrol do not exhibit cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, indicating their potential viability in microbiological treatments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
mastite bovina; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus spp; isolado clínico; atividade antimicrobiana; citotoxicidade; timol; carvacrol; bovine mastitis; clinically isolated; antimicrobial activity; cytotoxicity; thymol
Citação
SILVA, Bárbara Parraga da. Aplicação de timol e carvacrol, combinados com antimicrobianos comerciais, no tratamento de mastite bovina. 2024. Artigo (Doutorado) – Curso de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 19 ago. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4593.