EXPLORANDO O POTENCIAL DO BIOCARVÃO DE TABACO NA AGRICULTURA: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE SEU IMPACTO COMO CONDICIONANTE DE SOLO
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Data
2024-07-22
Autores
Orientador
Borsoi, Cleide
Banca
Catto, André Luis
Hoehne, Lucelia
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Resumo
A produção de biocarvão é considerada uma alternativa promissora para o gerenciamento de resíduos industriais, oferecendo diversos benefícios para a agricultura e o meio ambiente. Através da pirólise de materiais orgânicos, como resíduos industriais, o biocarvão é gerado, sendo um material rico em carbono com propriedades promissoras para o solo. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar resíduos de tabaco para produzir biocarvão e avaliar seu potencial como condicionador de solo. O biocarvão foi obtido através da técnica de pirólise em atmosfera inerte com gás nitrogênio (N₂), sendo utilizadas três temperaturas de pirólise diferentes: 300, 500 e 700 °C. O solo utilizado neste estudo foi obtido de uma propriedade localizada no interior de Venâncio Aires/RS. Foram adicionados, de forma manual, 10 g de biocarvão em 500 g de solo em base seca. As amostras de solo com e sem a incorporação do biocarvão, após 30 dias em temperatura de 25 °C e com umidade variando entre 60 e 80%, foram analisadas em relação às características químicas e físicas. O biocarvão demonstrou um aumento de 38% no rendimento a 300 °C em comparação com 700 °C. Em relação ao pH, todas as amostras apresentaram características alcalinas, variando entre 9,85 a 10,05. As análises químicas e físicas confirmaram a eficácia dos biocarvões aplicados ao solo como condicionadores, especialmente a amostra produzida a 700 ºC, que apresentou teores mais elevados de fósforo (P) (124,6 mg.dm-3) e potássio (K) (3355 mg.dm-3). Todas as amostras apresentaram níveis elevados de micronutrientes, o que é benéfico para as plantas, embora exija análises regulares para evitar possíveis danos a elas. Além disso, observou-se aumento nos parâmetros de Saturação da Capacidade de Troca Catiônica (CTC) por Bases e o índice SMP (Shoemaker, McLean e Pratt) com a temperatura, destacando novamente a amostra a 700 ºC como a mais adequada para melhorar as propriedades do solo, com uma Saturação da CTC por Bases de 96,5% e Índice SMP de 7,6. Concluiu-se que a utilização dos resíduos de tabaco para o desenvolvimento de biocarvão é uma alternativa sustentável e promissora, assim como a incorporação do biocarvão aplicado no solo se mostrou viável para atuar como condicionante de solo.
Biochar production is considered a promising alternative for industrial waste management, offering several benefits for agriculture and the environment. Through the pyrolysis of organic materials, such as industrial waste, biochar is generated, a carbon-rich material with promising properties for soil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use tobacco waste to produce biochar and evaluate its potential as a soil conditioner. Biochar was obtained through pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere with nitrogen gas (N₂), using three different pyrolysis temperatures: 300, 500, and 700 °C. The soil used in this study was obtained from a property located in the interior of Venâncio Aires/RS. Ten grams of biochar were manually added to 500 g of dry soil. Soil samples with and without the incorporation of biochar were analyzed for their chemical and physical characteristics after 30 days at 25 °C and humidity ranging from 60 to 80%. The biochar showed a 38% increase in yield at 300 °C compared to 700 °C. Regarding pH, all samples exhibited alkaline characteristics, ranging from 9.85 to 10.05. Chemical and physical analyses confirmed the effectiveness of biochars applied to the soil as conditioners, particularly the sample produced at 700 °C, which showed higher levels of phosphorus (P) (124.6 mg.dm-3) and potassium (K) (3355 mg.dm-3). All samples showed high levels of micronutrients, which is beneficial for plants, although regular analyses are required to prevent potential damage to them. Furthermore, an increase was observed in the parameters of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) saturation by bases and the SMP index (Shoemaker, McLean and Pratt) with temperature, highlighting once again the 700 °C sample as the most suitable for improving soil properties, with a CEC saturation by bases of 96.5% and an SMP index of 7.6. It was concluded that the use of tobacco waste for the development of biochar is a sustainable and promising alternative, and the incorporation of applied biochar into the soil proved feasible for acting as a soil conditioner.
Biochar production is considered a promising alternative for industrial waste management, offering several benefits for agriculture and the environment. Through the pyrolysis of organic materials, such as industrial waste, biochar is generated, a carbon-rich material with promising properties for soil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use tobacco waste to produce biochar and evaluate its potential as a soil conditioner. Biochar was obtained through pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere with nitrogen gas (N₂), using three different pyrolysis temperatures: 300, 500, and 700 °C. The soil used in this study was obtained from a property located in the interior of Venâncio Aires/RS. Ten grams of biochar were manually added to 500 g of dry soil. Soil samples with and without the incorporation of biochar were analyzed for their chemical and physical characteristics after 30 days at 25 °C and humidity ranging from 60 to 80%. The biochar showed a 38% increase in yield at 300 °C compared to 700 °C. Regarding pH, all samples exhibited alkaline characteristics, ranging from 9.85 to 10.05. Chemical and physical analyses confirmed the effectiveness of biochars applied to the soil as conditioners, particularly the sample produced at 700 °C, which showed higher levels of phosphorus (P) (124.6 mg.dm-3) and potassium (K) (3355 mg.dm-3). All samples showed high levels of micronutrients, which is beneficial for plants, although regular analyses are required to prevent potential damage to them. Furthermore, an increase was observed in the parameters of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) saturation by bases and the SMP index (Shoemaker, McLean and Pratt) with temperature, highlighting once again the 700 °C sample as the most suitable for improving soil properties, with a CEC saturation by bases of 96.5% and an SMP index of 7.6. It was concluded that the use of tobacco waste for the development of biochar is a sustainable and promising alternative, and the incorporation of applied biochar into the soil proved feasible for acting as a soil conditioner.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biocarvão; Pirólise; Resíduo de Tabaco; Condicionante de solo; Biochar; Pyrolysis; Tobacco Residue; Soil Conditioner
Citação
SCHMIDT, Gabriele. EXPLORANDO O POTENCIAL DO BIOCARVÃO DE TABACO NA AGRICULTURA: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE SEU IMPACTO COMO CONDICIONANTE DE SOLO. 2024. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Química) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 16 jul. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4439.