PARTICIPAÇÃO DO GENE OSMOTINA1 NA RESISTÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DE ARROZ À INFESTAÇÃO DO ÁCARO FITÓFAGO SCHIZOTETRANYCHUS ORYZAE ROSSI DE SIMONS (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
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2023-06
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Sperotto, Raul Antonio
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Granada, Camille Eichelberger
Timmers, Luís Fernando Saraiva Macedo
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O arroz (Oryza sativa L.) é um dos cereais mais consumidos no mundo, sendo a base da alimentação para maioria da população mundial. É de conhecimento notório que perdas na produtividade são causadas por diferentes estresses ambientais. Dentre as pragas que infestam as lavouras de arroz, uma das mais preocupantes é a presença do ácaro fitófago Schizotetranychus oryzae Rossi de Simons, 1966 (Acari: Tetranychidae), o qual interfere em vários processos metabólicos, limitando o
desenvolvimento das plantas e ocasionando perdas na produtividade. A identificação de cultivares de arroz resistentes ou tolerantes à infestação deste ácaro, bem como a identificação de proteínas que participam da defesa vegetal, é extremamente importante para o melhor entendimento da interação ácaro-planta. Em colaboração com um grupo de pesquisa da China, coordenado pelo professor Shimin Zuo da Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, foram desenvolvidas linhagens transgênicas de arroz superexpressando o gene Osmotina1 (OSM1-OE) e linhagens com o gene deletado por CRISPR/Cas9 (osm1_mut-ko). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar se as plantas superexpressando o gene Osmotina1 apresentam tolerância à infestação do ácaro, bem como se as plantas com o gene deletado apresentam sensibilidade à infestação do ácaro. O experimento foi realizado com plantas selvagens (WT - Xudao 3 e Nipponbare), três linhagens transgênicas superexpressando o gene Osmotina1 (OSM1_OE), e três linhagens editadas com o gene deletado por CRISPR/Cas9 (osm1_mut-ko). O experimento foi realizado com 17 plantas controle e 17 plantas infestadas por linhagem. As plântulas com 30 dias foram infestadas individualmente com 4 ácaros fêmeas. Foram analisadas 5 plantas por condição, 60 dias após a infestação (DAI), sendo avaliado o quantitativo de ácaros (adultos, imaturos e ovos). Com 60 dias após a infestação foi verificado uma menor quantidade de ácaros (adultos, imaturos e ovos) nas plantas OSM-OE em relação às plantas WT (Xudao 3) sensíveis, e uma maior quantidade de ácaros (adultos, imaturos e ovos) nas plantas osm1_mut-ko em relação às plantas WT (Nipponbare) tolerantes. As outras 12 plantas por condição foram mantidas até a maturidade dos grãos, onde verificamos que as plantas OSM-OE obtiveram menor percentual de queda no número de grãos por planta causada pela infestação, enquanto que as plantas osm1_mut-ko obtiveram maior percentual de queda no número de grãos por planta causada pela infestação. Desta forma podemos sugerir que a superexpressão do gene Osmotina1 no cultivar Xudao3 resulta em plantas de arroz tolerantes à infestação do ácaro. Da mesma forma, podemos sugerir que a deleção do gene Osmotina1 no cultivar Nipponbare resulta em plantas de arroz sensíveis à infestação do ácaro. O desenvolvimento de linhagens de arroz resistentes à infestação de S. oryzae pode contribuir para a manutenção da produtividade em lavouras de arroz sujeitas ao ataque de ácaros, sendo economicamente/ambientalmente importante, uma vez que não seria necessária a aplicação de acaricidas químicos para o controle desta praga.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most consumed cereals in the world, being the staple diet for most of the world's population. It is well known that productivity losses are caused by different environmental stresses. Among the pests that infest rice crops, one of the most worrying is the presence of the phytophagous mite Schizotetranychus oryzae Rossi de Simons, 1966 (Acari: Tetranychidae), which interferes in several metabolic processes, limiting plant development and causing productivity losses. The identification of rice cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to this mite infestation, as well as the identification of proteins that participate in plant defense, is extremely important for a better understanding of the mite-plant interaction. In collaboration with a research group from China, coordinated by Professor Shimin Zuo of the Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, transgenic rice lines overexpressing the Osmotin1 gene (OSM1-OE) and lines with the gene deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 (osm1_mut-ko) were developed. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether plants overexpressing Osmotin1 gene are tolerant to mite infestation, as well as whether plants with the deleted gene are sensitive to mite infestation. The experiment was performed with wild-type plants (WT - Xudao3 and Nipponbare), three transgenic lines overexpressing Osmotin1 gene (OSM1_OE), and three edited lines with the gene deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 (osm1_mut-ko). The experiment was carried out with 17 control plants and 17 infested plants per line. Thirty-day-old seedlings were individually infested with 4 female mites. Five plants per condition were analyzed 60 days after infestation (DAI), and the number of mites (adults, immatures and eggs) was evaluated. Sixty days after infestation, a lower amount of mites (adults, immatures and eggs) was found in the OSM-OE plants compared to sensitive WT (Xudao3) plants, and a higher amount of mites (adults, immatures and eggs) was found in the osm1_mut-ko plants compared to tolerant WT (Nipponbare) plants. The other 12 plants per condition were maintained until full maturity stage, where we found that the OSMOE plants had a lower percentage of drop in the number of grains per plant caused by infestation, while the osm1_mut-ko plants had a higher percentage of drop in number of grains per plant caused by the infestation. Thus, we can suggest that overexpression of Osmotin1 gene in the Xudao3 cultivar results in rice plants that are tolerant to the mite infestation. Likewise, we can suggest that deletion of Osmotin1 gene in the Nipponbare cultivar results in rice plants sensitive to mite infestation. The development of rice lines resistant to S. oryzae infestation can contribute to the maintenance of productivity in rice crops subject to mite attack, being economically/environmentally important, since it would not be necessary to apply chemical acaricides to control this pest.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most consumed cereals in the world, being the staple diet for most of the world's population. It is well known that productivity losses are caused by different environmental stresses. Among the pests that infest rice crops, one of the most worrying is the presence of the phytophagous mite Schizotetranychus oryzae Rossi de Simons, 1966 (Acari: Tetranychidae), which interferes in several metabolic processes, limiting plant development and causing productivity losses. The identification of rice cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to this mite infestation, as well as the identification of proteins that participate in plant defense, is extremely important for a better understanding of the mite-plant interaction. In collaboration with a research group from China, coordinated by Professor Shimin Zuo of the Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, transgenic rice lines overexpressing the Osmotin1 gene (OSM1-OE) and lines with the gene deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 (osm1_mut-ko) were developed. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether plants overexpressing Osmotin1 gene are tolerant to mite infestation, as well as whether plants with the deleted gene are sensitive to mite infestation. The experiment was performed with wild-type plants (WT - Xudao3 and Nipponbare), three transgenic lines overexpressing Osmotin1 gene (OSM1_OE), and three edited lines with the gene deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 (osm1_mut-ko). The experiment was carried out with 17 control plants and 17 infested plants per line. Thirty-day-old seedlings were individually infested with 4 female mites. Five plants per condition were analyzed 60 days after infestation (DAI), and the number of mites (adults, immatures and eggs) was evaluated. Sixty days after infestation, a lower amount of mites (adults, immatures and eggs) was found in the OSM-OE plants compared to sensitive WT (Xudao3) plants, and a higher amount of mites (adults, immatures and eggs) was found in the osm1_mut-ko plants compared to tolerant WT (Nipponbare) plants. The other 12 plants per condition were maintained until full maturity stage, where we found that the OSMOE plants had a lower percentage of drop in the number of grains per plant caused by infestation, while the osm1_mut-ko plants had a higher percentage of drop in number of grains per plant caused by the infestation. Thus, we can suggest that overexpression of Osmotin1 gene in the Xudao3 cultivar results in rice plants that are tolerant to the mite infestation. Likewise, we can suggest that deletion of Osmotin1 gene in the Nipponbare cultivar results in rice plants sensitive to mite infestation. The development of rice lines resistant to S. oryzae infestation can contribute to the maintenance of productivity in rice crops subject to mite attack, being economically/environmentally important, since it would not be necessary to apply chemical acaricides to control this pest.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Arroz; Osmotina; Schizotetranychus oryzae; Estresse biótico; Rice; Osmotin; Schizotetranychus oryzae; Biotic stress
Citação
KEIL, Rosana. PARTICIPAÇÃO DO GENE OSMOTINA1 NA RESISTÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DE ARROZ À INFESTAÇÃO DO ÁCARO FITÓFAGO SCHIZOTETRANYCHUS ORYZAE ROSSI DE SIMONS (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE). 2023. Monografia (Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bacharelado) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 26 jun. 2023. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3655.