PPGCM

SYLLABUS:
Presentation of the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences (PPGCM), its program of studies, research areas, projects developed and its professors. This course aims to introduce students to the themes of the PPGCM, as well as to present the Program's Rules and Regulations, as well as all the institutional infrastructure available.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Scientific articles selected according to need. PPGCM bylaws.

SYLLABUS:
Deepen the knowledge in Clinical Epidemiology and introduce concepts of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Economic Health Assessment (EHA). Train students who understand and know how to apply the epidemiological method to improve their self-learning capacity, use tools for continuing medical training and critical judgment of medical literature, and, finally, increase the methodological quality of their projects in the scope of clinical research. The design of primary studies of clinical epidemiological research (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and clinical trial) and secondary studies (systematic review and meta-analysis) will be addressed, as well as some of the EHA analyzes (cost-effectiveness and cost -utility) used in HTA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BORENSTEIN, Michael (ED.). Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester, U.K: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

DRUMMOND, Michael F. (ED.). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 3. ed., reprint ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007.

EGGER, Matthias (ED.). Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context. 2. ed., [Nachdr.] ed. London: BMJ Books, 2009.

FLETCHER, Robert H.; FLETCHER, Suzanne W. Epidemiologia clinica: elementos essenciais. Porto Alegre: ARTMED, 2006.

FUCHS, Flavio Danni; WANNMACHER, Lenita. Farmacologia clínica: fundamentos da terapêutica racional. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Guanabara Koogan, 2010.

GLICK, Henry (ED.). Economic evaluation in clinical trials. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

GRAY, Alastair (ED.). Applied methods of cost-effectiveness analysis in health care. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

HULLEY, Stephen B. et al. Delineando a pesquisa clínica uma abordagem epidemiológica. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2008.

ROTHMAN, Kenneth J. et al. Epidemiologia moderna. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2011.

SYLLABUS:
Enable the student to understand and interpret biological phenomena through statistics, familiarizing them with the different concepts used in scientific research such as, for example, organization of qualitative and quantitative data, measures of central tendency, position, dispersion and variability, hypothesis testing , simple linear correlation. All of these concepts will be addressed through lectures, as well as through discussions of articles.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Callegari-Jacques, S.M. Bioestadística. Princípios e Aplicações. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2003

SIQUEIRA, A. L.; TIBÚRCIO, J. D. Estatística na Área da Saúde: conceitos, metodologia, aplicações e prática computacional. Belo Horizonte: Coopmed, 2011.

PAGANO, M.; GAUVREAU, K. Princípios de Bioestatística. 2. ed. São Paulo: Pioneira Thompson Learning, 2004.

SYLLABUS:
Historical evolution of Ethics and the origin of Bioethics as a science, with the objective of discussing the aspects involved in the adequacy of the actions carried out in the area of ​​medical and biomedical sciences. Discussion and reflection of national and international guidelines, codes, laws, declarations and recommendations, related to the development of research in the field of health. The course will include reflections on privacy and confidentiality, plagiarism and scientific fraud.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Aulisio MP. (Meta-) Methodological Lessons for Ethics Consultation. In: Finder SG, Bliton MJ,editors. Peer Review, Peer Education, and Modeling in the Practice of Clinical Ethics Consultation: The Zadeh Project. [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2018.

Burke W, Clayton EW, Wolf SM, Berry SA, Evans BJ, Evans JP, Hall R, Korngiebel D, Laberge AM, LeRoy BS, McGuire AL. Improving recommendations for genomic medicine: building an evolutionary process from clinical practice advisory documents to guidelines. Genet Med. 2019 Jun 4. doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0549-3.

Scher S, Kozlowska K. Rethinking Health Care Ethics [Internet]. Singapore: Palgrave Pivot; 2018.

Goldim JR. Bioética Complexa: um enfoque englobante para o processo de tomada de decisões. In Raymundo, MM., Gutiérrez-Martínez, D. Bioética e Laicidade: vida e diversidade em conexão. Curitiba: Prismas; 2014:37–56.

Clotet J, Goldim JR, Franciscon CF. Consentimento informado e a sua prática na assistência e pesquisa no Brasil. 2000. EDIPUCRS. 130 p.

SYLLABUS:
Deepen the knowledge about translational research and emphasize its importance in the current scenario of medical sciences, with an emphasis on the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Brambilla D, Chiari M, Gori A, Cretich M. Towards precision medicine: the role and potential of protein and peptide microarrays. Analyst. 2019 Aug 6. doi: 10.1039/c9an01142k.
Maggio LA, Aakre CA, Del Fiol G, Shellum J, Cook DA. Impact of Clinicians' Use of Electronic

Knowledge Resources on Clinical and Learning Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2019 Jul 25;21(7):e13315. doi: 10.2196/13315

Mastellos DC, Ricklin D, Lambris JD. Clinical promise of next-generation complement therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 Jul 19. doi: 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6.

Other scientific articles as needed.

SYLLABUS:
Discuss topics of interest in the area of ​​Medical and Biomedical Sciences, organized in the form of a cycle of seminars. The seminars are taught by professors so that students have knowledge about the work that is being developed in the different research areas of the Program.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Selected articles as needed.

SYLLABUS:
Presentation of projects by the students themselves, as well as presentations of partial results (qualification boards). Seminars to present articles on topics that address relevant and up-to-date aspects of the area of ​​Medical and Biomedical Sciences, taught by students of the Program.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Selected articles as needed.

SYLLABUS:
Allow the students to practice teaching in undergraduate disciplines in an area related to their dissertation, under the guidance of their supervisor, providing experience in the teaching area and training graduate students to work in teaching.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
DEMO, Pedro. Universidade, Aprendizagem e Avaliação: Horizontes Reconstrutivos. Porto Alegre: Ed. Mediação, 2004.

GIL, Antonio Carlos. Metodologia do Ensino Superior. São Paulo: Atlas, 1997. JULIATTO, Clemente Ivo. A universidade em busca da excelência: um estudo sobre a qualidade da educação. Goiânia-Curitiba: UCG-Champagnat, 2005.

MOREIRA, Daniel Augusto. Didática do ensino superior: técnica e tendências. São Paulo: Pioneira, 2003.

MOROSINI, Marilia Costa. Professor do ensino superior: identidade, docência e formação. Brasília: INEP, 2000.

SYLLABUS:
Study concepts and implications of health research methods; structure of randomized clinical trials; types of studies and clinical trials; estimate of the sample size and statistical power; randomization processes; collection methods, statistical analysis and data presentations; external validity and internal validity; instruments for structuring and evaluating randomized clinical trials; tools for assessing the risk of bias; analysis of scientific studies with randomized clinical trial designs.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Altman DG, Bland JM. How to randomise. BMJ. 1999 Sep 11;319(7211):703-4.

Andrade C. The primary outcome measure and its importance in clinical trials. J Clin Psychiatry.2015 Oct;76(10):e1320-3. doi: 10.4088/JCP.15f10377.

Chaudhuri SE, Ho MP, Irony T, Sheldon M, Lo AW. Patient-centered clinical trials. Drug Discov Today. 2018 Feb;23(2):395-401. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.016.

Del Mar C, Hoffmann TC. A guide to performing a peer review of randomised controlled trials. BMC Med. 2015 Nov 2;13:248. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0471-8.

Mauri L, D'Agostino RB Sr. Challenges in the Design and Interpretation of Noninferiority Trials. NEngl J Med. 2017 Oct 5;377(14):1357-1367. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1510063.

SYLLABUS:
The course aims to analyze the strategies of genomics and molecular biology guiding diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Themes such as the detection of pathogens, molecular diagnosis of inherited diseases, genetic tests and population screening, among others, will be seen from the perspective of evidence-based genetics.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
CLARK, David P.; PAZDERNIK, Nanette J. Molecular Biology. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, c2013.

STRACHAN, Tom; READ, Andrew. Human molecular genetics. 4th ed. New York: Garland Science, 2010.

DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1981-. Disponível em: www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07328893.

THE JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999-. Disponível em: www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1525157.

Genetic Testing Registry: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/

Current publications in international scientific journals.

SYLLABUS:
To know, interpret and relate the response of the humoral and cellular immune system to essential factors of antigenicity to infectious and parasitic agents. To study hypersensitivity, immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases and immunosuppression. To know the immunotherapies available for the treatment of various diseases and discuss methodologies to improve them.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
UpToDate for Clinicians – www.uptodate.com

Cosmi L, Maggi L, Mazzoni A, Liotta F, Annunziato F. Biologicals targeting type 2 immunity: Lessons learned from asthma, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Eur J Immunol. 2019 Jul 29. doi: 10.1002/eji.201948156.

Xia A, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yin T, Lu XJ. T Cell Dysfunction in Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 19;10:1719. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01719.

Zhang J, Shi Z, Xu X, Yu Z, Mi J. The influence of microenvironment on tumor immunotherapy. FEBS J. 2019 Jul 31. doi: 10.1111/febs.15028.

SYLLABUS:
To address aspects of the mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of infectious and neoplastic diseases, and their molecular targets, resistance mechanisms and possible drug interactions. In addition, the mechanisms of action of inhibitors will be addressed as well as the virtual screening (virtual search) of ligands.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
UpToDate for Clinicians – www.uptodate.com

MedScape database - www.medscape.com

BENNETT, John E.; DOLIN, Raphael; BLASER, Martin J. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 8 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2014.

GOLAN, D. E.; TASHJIAN, A. H.; ARMSTRONG, E. J.; ARMSTRONG, A. W. Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy: Fourth Edition, 2 February 2016.

Brunton, Laurence L. As Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica de Goodman e Gilman. 12th ed, Porto Alegre AMGH 2012.

Publicações atuais em periódicos científicos de circulação internacional, por exemplo, British Journal of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Reviews, Current Drug Therapy, Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

SYLLABUS:
Address various aspects related to the pharmacology of inflammation, inflammatory diseases, their etiology and management, through the analysis of biochemical and molecular aspects involved in inflammatory events, contemplating the main vascular and cellular changes in response to different stimuli, inflammation associated with infection and response systemic inflammatory disease, chronic inflammatory diseases and correlation between inflammation and cancer. The study of the mechanisms of action of the main drugs used in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammation, and discussion of new therapeutic and pharmacological approaches for the management of inflammatory diseases.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
UpToDate for Clinicians – www.uptodate.com

MedScape database - www.medscape.com

Katzung, Bertram; Masters, Susan and Trevor Antony. Farmacologia básica e clínica Lange. 32th ed, Porto Alegre AMGH 2017. Livro eletrônico.

Brunton, Laurence L. As Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica de Goodman e Gilman. 12th ed, Porto Alegre AMGH 2012

GOLAN, D. E.; TASHJIAN, A. H.; ARMSTRONG, E. J.; ARMSTRONG, A. W. Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy: Fourth Edition, 2 February 2016.

Current publications in international scientific journals: for example, British Journal of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Reviews, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Molecular Pharmacology, Pharmacological Research, Pharmacological Reports, and Inflammopharmacology.

SYLLABUS:
To present a broad vision of the insertion of Genetics in Medicine and in other areas of health, introducing discussion on genetic-molecular tools for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of genetic cause or predisposition.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
ALBERTS, B. et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6th ed. New York, Garland Science Publishing, 2014.

STRACHAN, T. & READ, A P. Human Molecular Genetics. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science, 2018.

KLUG, W. S. CUMMINGS, M. R. SPENCER, C. A. PALLADINO, M.A. Concepts of Genetics. 11th edition. Boston, Pearson, 2016.

EASTON, L. Human Genetics: A Comprehensive Approach. Callisto Reference, New York, 2019.

For each topic to be discussed, additional scientific articles available on the CAPES journal database will be indicated. Electronic sites will be indicated for consultation in a database related to topics covered in the course.

SYLLABUS:
General approach to the basic concepts of Genetics, from the principles of organization of the human genome and its extensions, to genetic variations at the DNA level. The concepts will be contextualized and made compatible with the new approaches to genomics and the treatment of genetic diseases.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Strachan, T. & Read, A P. Human Molecular Genetics. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science, 2018.

Klug, W. S. Cummings, M. R. Spencer, C. A.Palladino, M.A. Concepts of Genetics. 11th edition. Pearson, Boston (2016).

The Human Gene Mutation Database: http://www.hgmd.cf.ac.uk/ac/index.php

GeneReviews: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116/

Ensembl project: http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Info/Index

Current publications in international scientific journals.

SYLLABUS:
To study concepts in pharmacology and drug metabolization. Genomics and the interindividual response to drugs. Effectiveness and adverse effects. Development of new drugs. Genes related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenetic tests and their clinical application. Personalized medicine. Ethical aspects.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Katzung, Bertram; Masters, Susan and Trevor Antony. Farmacologia básica e clínica Lange. 32th ed, Porto Alegre AMGH 2017. Livro eletrônico.

STRACHAN, T. & READ, A P. Human Molecular Genetics. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science, 2018.

Gaedigk A, Dinh JC, Jeong H, Prasad B, Leeder JS. Ten Years' Experience with the CYP2D6 Activity Score: A Perspective on Future Investigations to Improve Clinical Predictions for Precision Therapeutics. J Pers Med. 2018 Apr 17;8(2). pii: E15. doi: 10.3390/jpm8020015.

Suarez-Kurtz G, Aklillu E, Saito Y, Somogyi AA. Conference report: pharmacogenomics in special populations at WCP2018. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Mar;85(3):467-475. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13828.

Suarez-Kurtz G. Pharmacogenetic testing in oncology: a Brazilian perspective. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2018 Oct 11;73(suppl 1):e565s. doi:10.6061/clinics/2018/e565s.

PharmGKB: https://www.pharmgkb.org

Current publications in international scientific journals.

SYLLABUS:
Provide an overview of DNA lesions and mutations, DNA repair, mutagenesis and recombinogenesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, emphasizing biochemical and molecular processes. The fundamental concepts and implications resulting from the effects of physical and chemical agents on the genetic heritage of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms will be developed; describe the mechanisms of cell restoration involved in the repair of damaged DNA and mutagenesis; to analyze its biological importance and the possible mechanisms of action of the factors that interfere in it. The main types of spontaneous and induced mutations, injuries induced by physical and chemical agents, repair by excision of bases, repair by excision of nucleotides, homologous and non-homologous recombination, repair subject to errors, SOS system will be addressed; genotoxicity tests: comet and micronucleus; environmental and occupational risk assessment; DNA and cancer repair.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Silva, Juliana; Erdtmann, Bernardo e Henriques, João A. Pegas (2003). Genética Toxicológica. Editora Alcance.

Biological Responses to DNA Damage (2001). Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXV.

Periódicos área, como: Mutation Research – Genetic Toxicology; Mutation Research – Reviews in Genetic Toxicology; DNA Repair; Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. Genetics, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Gene, Genes and Development, Trends in Genetics, Trends in Biochemistry, Photobiology and Photochemistry, Mutagenesis, Cell, Science, Nature, Nucleic Acid Research.

SYLLABUS:
Provide theoretical and practical knowledge about the main therapeutic approaches used in patients with mental disorders. The course aims to offer theoretical and practical training on the different therapeutic approaches that are effective in the treatment of the most common mental disorders. In addition, the student will be able to train the application of some instruments used in clinical trials in Psychiatry.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Reinares M, Bonnín CM, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Sánchez-Moreno J, Colom F, Vieta E. The role of family interventions in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Feb;43:47- 57

Bonnin CM, Torrent C, Arango C, Amann BL, Solé B, González- Pinto A, Crespo JM, Tabarés- Seisdedos R, Reinares M, Ayuso- Mateos JL, García-Portilla MP, Ibañez Á, Salamero M, Vieta E, Martinez-Aran A; CIBERSAM Functional Remediation Group. Functional remediation in bipolar disorder: 1-year follow-up of neurocognitive and functional outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Jan;208(1):87-93.

Gewirtz AH, Youssef A. Introduction to the Special Section: Advances in psychological prevention and treatment interventions to promote children's mental health. Int J Psychol. 2017 Apr;52(2):82-86.

Weightman MJ, Knight MJ, Baune BT. A systematic review of the impact of social cognitive deficits on psychosocial functioning in major depressive disorder and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Psychiatry Res. 2019 Apr;274:195-212.

Sagayadevan V, Jeyagurunathan A, Lau YW, Shafie S, Chang S, Ong HL, Samari E, Verma SK, Chong SA, Subramaniam M.Cognitive insight and quality of life among psychiatric outpatients. BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 28;19(1):201.

Kavanaugh BC, Cancilliere MK, Spirito A. Neurocognitive heterogeneity across the spectrum of psychopathology: need for improved approaches to deficit detection and intervention. CNS Spectr. 2019 May 27:1-9.

Swartz HA, Swanson J. Psychotherapy for Bipolar Disorder in Adults: A Review of the Evidence. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2014 Summer;12(3):251-266.

SYLLABUS:
Provide knowledge about neuropsychological aspects in different mental disorders. Address the neuropsychological profile, bringing together concepts and theoretical assumptions. Study neuropsychological assessment and intervention in several mental disorders.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Ebert B, Miskowiak K, Kloster M, Johansen J, Eckholm C, Wærner T, Holme M, Bruun LM. An ethnographic study of the effects of cognitive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder: the IMPACT study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Nov 21;17(1):370.

Harvey PD, Twamley EW, Pinkham AE, Depp CA, Patterson TL. Depression in Schizophrenia: Associations With Cognition, Functional Capacity, Everyday Functioning, and Self-Assessment. Schizophr Bull. 2017 May 1;43(3):575-582.

FUENTES, D.; MALLOY-DINIZ, L.F.; CAMARGO, C.H.P. & COSENZA, R.M. Neuropsicologia: teoria e prática. São Paulo: ArtMed, 2013.

Grande I, Sanchez-Moreno J, Sole B, Jimenez E, Torrent C, Bonnin CM, Varo C, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Balanzá-Martínez V, Valls E, Morilla I, Carvalho AF, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vieta E,Martinez-Aran A. High cognitive reserve in bipolar disorders as a moderator of neurocognitive impairment. J Affect Disord. 2017 Jan 15;208:621-627.

Lima F, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Bücker J, Czepielewski L, Hasse-Sousa M, Telesca R, Solé B,Reinares M, Vieta E, Rosa AR. Identifying cognitive subgroups in bipolar disorder: A cluster analysis. J Affect Disord. 2019 Mar 1;246:252-261.

Vieta E, Torrent C, Martinez-Aran A. Functional Remediation for Bipolar Disorder. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Bragdon LB, Gibb BE, Coles ME. Does neuropsychological performance in OCD relate to different symptoms? A meta-analysis comparing the symmetry and obsessing dimensions. Depress Anxiety. 2018 Aug;35(8):761-774.

SYLLABUS:
The course aims to build broad knowledge about human neurodevelopment, from childhood to adulthood. Initially, a review of fundamental anatomical and physiological aspects (cortical development, myelination, neuroplasticity) will be carried out and, later, the different aspects of neuropsychomotor development (motor development, language and higher cortical functions) will be studied. The main deviations observed in different age groups will also be addressed. Embryological and fetal development of the nervous system. Cortical development. Myelination of the nervous system. Neuroplasticity.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Moura-Ribeiro MVL; Gonçalves VMG. Neurologia do Desenvolvimento da Criança. Thieme Revinter; Edição 2 (2009)

Baehr M; M Frotscher. Diagnóstico Topográfico em Neurologia. Guanabara Koogan; Edição 4 (2012)

Rotta NT; Ohlweiler L; Riesgo RS. Transtorno da Aprendizagem. Artmed; Edição 2 (2017)

Volpe JJ. Neurology of Newborn. Elsevier. Edição 6 (2017)"

SYLLABUS:
Enable graduate students to understand and apply the main concepts in the area of ​​Computational Molecular Biophysics and Bioinformatics in the analysis of protein structure and sequence, searching databases, as well as to understand the processes of protein flexibility. The contents will be approached through expository and practical classes.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
FIELD, M. J. A practical introduction to the Simulation of Molecular Systems. 2. ed. New York; Cambrigde University Press, 2007. 330 p.

BRANDEN, C.; TOOZE, J. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Publishing, 1999. 410 p.

LESK, A. M. Introdução à Bioinformática. 2a Edição. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2008. 381 p.

RAPAPORT, D. The Art of Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511816581