Bambu na construção civil: avaliação no desempenho térmico de edificações sustentáveis
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Data
2020-12
Autores
Orientador
Konrad, Odorico
Banca
Hansen, Betina
Oliveira, Tarsila Marilia De
Spinelli, Rodrigo
Título do periódico
ISSN
Título do Volume
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Resumo
O setor da construção civil é um dos maiores causadores de impactos ambientais em função do elevado consumo de materiais, da grande geração de resíduos, gases de efeito estufa e do consumo massivo de água e energia. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de contribuir com a redução dos impactos gerados pela construção civil ao apresentar uma possível aplicação de um material natural como componente de isolamento térmico. O material escolhido foi o bambu da espécie bambusa vulgaris, que é facilmente encontrado no país, e apresenta um rápido crescimento, sendo de fácil cultivo. Além disso, esta planta têm a característica de absorver dióxido de carbono, o que contribui ativamente para a diminuição das concentrações de CO2 no planeta. Sendo assim, este estudo se concentrou em desenvolver uma alternativa de isolamento utilizando o bambu como matéria-prima na construção de uma fachada ventilada, de modo a contribuir com o desempenho térmico das edificações sustentáveis localizadas na cidade de Lajeado/RS. Para estabelecer uma análise comparativa foram construídos dois protótipos com dimensões e características idênticas, porém, um deles possuía a fachada ventilada constituída pelas placas de bambu. O comportamento térmico de ambos os protótipos foi avaliado por meio da coleta de dados relativos à temperatura e umidade entre os meses de março à junho, além disso, as propriedades térmicas dos modelos foram calculadas, o que serviu de suporte para as observações experimentais realizadas. O protótipo com a fachada ventilada (protótipo com isolamento) se mostrou mais eficiente no ponto de vista do desempenho térmico que o protótipo sem isolamento (com tijolos aparentes). Além disso, quando o fluxo de calor era inverso, ou seja, quando ocorria o processo de liberação de calor pelas edificações, em dias com temperaturas baixas, o protótipo com a fachada ventilada demonstrou reter mais calor, sendo assim, a aplicação dessa técnica associada a outra estratégia bioclimática passiva, como o aquecimento solar, poderia ser vantajosa em regiões com períodos de inverno severos.
The construction sector is one of the biggest causes of environmental impacts due to the high consumption of recourses, the large waste residues, greenhouse gases and the massive consumption of water and energy. In this sense, this study aims to contribute with the reduction of the impacts generated by the construction sector by presenting a possible application of a natural material as a thermal insulation component. The material chosen was bamboo of the species bambusa vulgaris, which is easily found in Brazil, and has a rapid growth, being easy to cultivate. In addition, this plant has the characteristic of absorbing carbon dioxide, which actively contributes to the decrease in CO2 concentrations on the planet. Thus, this study focused on developing an insulation alternative using bamboo as raw material in the construction of a ventilated facade, in order to contribute to the thermal performance of sustainable buildings located in the city of Lajeado/RS Brazil. To establish a comparative analysis, two prototypes with identical dimensions and characteristics were built, however, one of them had a ventilated facade made up of bamboo plates. The thermal behavior of both prototypes was evaluated through the collection of data related to temperature and humidity between the months of March and June, in addition, the thermal properties of the models were calculated, which supported the experimental observations carried out. The prototype with the ventilated facade (prototype with insulation) proved to be more efficient in terms of thermal performance than the prototype without insulation (with exposed bricks). In addition, when the heat flow was reversed, that is, when the process of releasing heat from the buildings occurred, on days with low temperatures, the prototype with the ventilated facade demonstrated to retain more heat, thus, the application of this technique associated with another passive bioclimatic strategy, such as solar heating, could be advantageous in regions with severe winter periods.
The construction sector is one of the biggest causes of environmental impacts due to the high consumption of recourses, the large waste residues, greenhouse gases and the massive consumption of water and energy. In this sense, this study aims to contribute with the reduction of the impacts generated by the construction sector by presenting a possible application of a natural material as a thermal insulation component. The material chosen was bamboo of the species bambusa vulgaris, which is easily found in Brazil, and has a rapid growth, being easy to cultivate. In addition, this plant has the characteristic of absorbing carbon dioxide, which actively contributes to the decrease in CO2 concentrations on the planet. Thus, this study focused on developing an insulation alternative using bamboo as raw material in the construction of a ventilated facade, in order to contribute to the thermal performance of sustainable buildings located in the city of Lajeado/RS Brazil. To establish a comparative analysis, two prototypes with identical dimensions and characteristics were built, however, one of them had a ventilated facade made up of bamboo plates. The thermal behavior of both prototypes was evaluated through the collection of data related to temperature and humidity between the months of March and June, in addition, the thermal properties of the models were calculated, which supported the experimental observations carried out. The prototype with the ventilated facade (prototype with insulation) proved to be more efficient in terms of thermal performance than the prototype without insulation (with exposed bricks). In addition, when the heat flow was reversed, that is, when the process of releasing heat from the buildings occurred, on days with low temperatures, the prototype with the ventilated facade demonstrated to retain more heat, thus, the application of this technique associated with another passive bioclimatic strategy, such as solar heating, could be advantageous in regions with severe winter periods.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Desempenho térmico; Bambu; Isolamento térmico; Sustentabilidade; Thermal performance; Bamboo; Thermal insulation; Sustainability
Citação
PITOL, Alana Francischett. Bambu na construção civil: avaliação no desempenho térmico de edificações sustentáveis. 2020. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 14 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2987.