“Trajetório indígena” e trajetórias de vida: a agência do feminino na relação com os territórios, corpos e pessoas Kaingang
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Data
2020-12
Autores
Orientador
Laroque, Luís Fernando da Silva
Banca
Mazzarino, Jane Márcia
Freitas, Ana Elisa De Castro
Martins, Maria Cristina Bohn
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Resumo
A presente tese investiga as trajetórias históricas e culturais de duas coletividades Kaingang, localizadas em territórios da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas e do Lago Guaíba, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O estudo é uma contribuição às discussões que abordam sobre trajetórias dos indígenas na História, e também às Ciências Ambientais, pois congrega modos kaingang de saber, relacionar e conceber o território e o ambiente, apontando para outras inter- relações possíveis entre “sociedade-natureza”. Os problemas norteadores da pesquisa são: De que formas os coletivos pesquisados agenciaram as inter-relações no território e elaboraram a colonialidade nos corpos ao longo de suas trajetórias históricas? Quais as percepções do feminino Kaingang sobre processos de luta pela terra, relações intrahumana e na constituição e estabilização de corpos e pessoas kaingang? Portanto, a tese proposta é que: os coletivos pesquisados estabelecem uma malha de relações com as texturas corporais presentes no território, sendo estas imprescindíveis à constituição de corpos, pessoas e coletivos kaingang. Acredita-se que o “estar-sendo” Kaingang ocorre no fluxo e no entrelaçamento das relações sociais que se configuram no fio do tempo das histórias de vida tecidas nas formas de (re)constituir seu mundo e suas historicidades, e nesse processo o feminino Kaingang surge como uma expressão potente. Com essas informações, o objetivo central da pesquisa consistiu em analisar de que formas as trajetórias de vida no fluxo do tempo performam relações, corpos e pessoas que se entrelaçam e se constituem conjuntamente aos territórios, evidenciando a agência do feminino kaingang num construto criativo e na manutenção dos coletivos das Terras Indígenas Jamã Tÿ Tãnh/Estrela e Topẽ Pẽn/Porto Alegre. Este estudo foi proposto com base em fontes bibliográficas, em fontes documentais que se encontram no Ministério Público Federal de Lajeado e Porto Alegre e em fundos documentais acessados no portal da biblioteca digital do Senado Federal e no Portal Kaingang. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, já que se propôs investigar percepções, conhecimentos e modos de vida das coletividades Kaingang. Ademais, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, com uso das técnicas de observação participante e entrevista. O método da História Oral foi utilizado para a aplicação das entrevistas. Foram realizadas onze entrevistas com indígenas e setenta e nove saídas de campo. Partindo de considerações teóricas sobre território, colonialidade, natureza, cultura, corpos e pessoas, foi possível melhor evidenciar a compreensão da ontológica e das relações de socialidade Kaingang. Os resultados demonstraram que houve um processo violento de colonialidade nos corpos vivenciado pelas coletividades pesquisadas, contudo souberam orquestrar modos de reagir e resistir que singularizam suas histórias no tempo e no espaço, bem como mantiveram a relação com os corpos das florestas, imprescindíveis para fazer a vida no plano material e cosmológico e ainda se verificou que as mulheres Kaingang agem de forma complementar nas lutas pela terra e nas relações intra-aldeã. A fabricação e a (trans)formação de corpos e pessoas Kaingang constituem um construto que envolve a agência de homens e mulheres Kaingang. Por fim, a tese proposta, da constituição conjunta e da indissociabilidade entre corpo, pessoa e território se confirma. A pessoa Kaingang constitui-se um microcosmo de relações estabelecidas nas trajetórias de vida e no “trajetório indígena” e nesse fluxo o feminino Kaingang configura uma expressão potente, capaz de tecer agenciamentos, conexões e amálgamas fundamentais para a manutenção dos coletivos os quais elas se inserem.
This thesis investigates the historical and cultural trajectories of two Kaingang collectivities, located in the Taquari-Antas Basin and Lake Guaíba, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study is a contribution to the discussions that address the trajectories of indigenous peoples in history and also to the Environmental Sciences, as it brings together Kaingang ways of knowing, relating and conceiving the territory and the environment, pointing to other possible inter-relations between "society-nature". The guiding problems of the research are: In what ways did the researched collectives manage the inter-relations in the territory and elaborate the coloniality in the bodies along their historical trajectories? What are the perceptions of the feminine Kaingang about processes of struggle for land, intra-human relations and in the constitution and stabilization of Kaingang bodies and people? Therefore, the proposed thesis is that: the researched collectives establish a network of relationships with the body textures present in the territory, which are essential to the constitution of Kaingang bodies, people and collectives. It is believed that being a Kaingang occurs in the flow and intertwining of social relations that are configured in the thread of time of life stories woven in the ways of (re)constituting their world and their historicity, and in this process the feminine Kaingang appears as a powerful expression. With this information, the central objective of the research was to analyze how life trajectories in the flow of the time perform relationships, bodies and people that intertwine and constitute themselves together to the territories, evidencing the agency of the feminine Kaingang in a creative becoming and maintenance of the collectives of the Indigenous Lands Jamã Tÿ Tãnh/Estrela and Topẽ Topẽ/Porto Alegre. This study was proposed on the basis of bibliographic sources, documentary sources found at the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office in Lajeado and Porto Alegre, and documentary funds accessed at the portal of the digital library of the Federal Senate and the Kaingang portal. This is a qualitative research, since it was proposed to investigate perceptions, knowledge and ways of Kaingang collectivities life. In addition, field research was conducted using participant observation and interview techniques. The Oral History method was used to apply the interviews. Eleven interviews were conducted with indigenous people and seventy-nine field trips. Based on theoretical considerations about territory, coloniality, nature and culture, bodies and people, it was possible to better evidence the understanding of ontology and Kaingang social relations. The results showed that there was a violent process of coloniality in the bodies experienced by the researched collectivities, however they were able to orchestrate ways to react and resist that singularize their stories in time and space, as well as maintained the relationship with the bodies of the forests, essential to make life on the material and cosmological level, and it was also found that Kaingang women act in a complementary way in the struggles for land and intra- village relations. The manufacture and (trans)formation of Kaingang bodies and people is a construct that involves the action of Kaingang men and women. Finally, the proposed thesis of joint constitution and indissociability between body, person and territory is confirmed. The Kaingang person is a microcosm of relationships established in life trajectories and in the "indigenous trajectory", and in this flow, the feminine Kaingang configures a powerful expression capable of weaving intermediations, connections and amalgamations which are fundamental to the maintenance of the collectives in which they are inserted.
This thesis investigates the historical and cultural trajectories of two Kaingang collectivities, located in the Taquari-Antas Basin and Lake Guaíba, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study is a contribution to the discussions that address the trajectories of indigenous peoples in history and also to the Environmental Sciences, as it brings together Kaingang ways of knowing, relating and conceiving the territory and the environment, pointing to other possible inter-relations between "society-nature". The guiding problems of the research are: In what ways did the researched collectives manage the inter-relations in the territory and elaborate the coloniality in the bodies along their historical trajectories? What are the perceptions of the feminine Kaingang about processes of struggle for land, intra-human relations and in the constitution and stabilization of Kaingang bodies and people? Therefore, the proposed thesis is that: the researched collectives establish a network of relationships with the body textures present in the territory, which are essential to the constitution of Kaingang bodies, people and collectives. It is believed that being a Kaingang occurs in the flow and intertwining of social relations that are configured in the thread of time of life stories woven in the ways of (re)constituting their world and their historicity, and in this process the feminine Kaingang appears as a powerful expression. With this information, the central objective of the research was to analyze how life trajectories in the flow of the time perform relationships, bodies and people that intertwine and constitute themselves together to the territories, evidencing the agency of the feminine Kaingang in a creative becoming and maintenance of the collectives of the Indigenous Lands Jamã Tÿ Tãnh/Estrela and Topẽ Topẽ/Porto Alegre. This study was proposed on the basis of bibliographic sources, documentary sources found at the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office in Lajeado and Porto Alegre, and documentary funds accessed at the portal of the digital library of the Federal Senate and the Kaingang portal. This is a qualitative research, since it was proposed to investigate perceptions, knowledge and ways of Kaingang collectivities life. In addition, field research was conducted using participant observation and interview techniques. The Oral History method was used to apply the interviews. Eleven interviews were conducted with indigenous people and seventy-nine field trips. Based on theoretical considerations about territory, coloniality, nature and culture, bodies and people, it was possible to better evidence the understanding of ontology and Kaingang social relations. The results showed that there was a violent process of coloniality in the bodies experienced by the researched collectivities, however they were able to orchestrate ways to react and resist that singularize their stories in time and space, as well as maintained the relationship with the bodies of the forests, essential to make life on the material and cosmological level, and it was also found that Kaingang women act in a complementary way in the struggles for land and intra- village relations. The manufacture and (trans)formation of Kaingang bodies and people is a construct that involves the action of Kaingang men and women. Finally, the proposed thesis of joint constitution and indissociability between body, person and territory is confirmed. The Kaingang person is a microcosm of relationships established in life trajectories and in the "indigenous trajectory", and in this flow, the feminine Kaingang configures a powerful expression capable of weaving intermediations, connections and amalgamations which are fundamental to the maintenance of the collectives in which they are inserted.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Território; Populações tradicionais; Mulheres kaingang; Socialidade; Territory; Traditional populations; Kaingang women; Sociality
Citação
SILVA, Juciane Beatriz Sehn Da. “Trajetório indígena” e trajetórias de vida: a agência do feminino na relação com os territórios, corpos e pessoas Kaingang. 2020. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 16 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2976.