CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E TOXICIDADE DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling frente a Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tetranychus urticae Koch e Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks
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2020-02
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Ethur, Eduardo Miranda
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A Hesperozygis ringens (Benth) Epling é uma planta aromática endêmica do Sul do Brasil descrita na literatura por conter alto teor de pulegona em sua composição química, substância esta, conhecida por possuir efeitos neurotóxicos contra insetos e ácaros. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a composição química e a toxicidade do OE de folhas H. ringens frente a herbívoros com importância agrícola. O OE foi extraído por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger e teve sua composição química analisada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Os organismos testados nos ensaios foram Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tetranychus urticae Koch e Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks, onde se analisou a
mortalidade, a concentração letal média (CL50) e a seletividade. A extração do OE obteve rendimento de 3,01%, sendo a pulegona seu principal constituinte (81,03%). Os testes de atividade biológica foram realizados com o OE e com a pulegona a fim de determinar o componente fitoquímico responsável pela mortalidade dos
organismos. A H. ringens demonstrou atividade inseticida contra S. zeamais nos períodos de 24, 36 e 48 horas, contudo sem atividade em 12 h. Houve atividade acaricida contra T. urticae e P. macropilis em todos os períodos. Na atividade acaricida contra T. urticae, a mortalidade mostrou-se semelhante no período de 2 h
para o OE e pulegona. A análise dos ensaios demonstrou diferenças significativas entre o OE de H. ringens e pulegona na atividade inseticida, sendo a pulegona mais tóxica com CL50 de 10,13, 6,91 e 5,75 μL.L-1 nos períodos de 24, 36 e 48 h, respectivamente. O ácaro predador P. macropilis apresentou-se menos sensível aos efeitos do OE que quando submetido a pulegona. Nos testes de fumigação, o OE de H. ringens apresentou maior toxicidade no controle de S. zeamais e T. urticae devido à alta taxa de mortalidade apresentada. Os resultados também indicam a possibilidade de um controle biológico integrado ao controle botânico na atividade acaricida, utilizando OE de H. ringens ou pulegona sobre P. macropilis, um ácaro
predador de T. urticae, devido a este apresentar-se mais sensível na maior parte dos ensaios, necessitando menor dosagem para provocar a morte do mesmo número de organismos de P. macropilis.
Hesperozygis ringens (Benth) Epling is an aromatic plant endemic to the south of Brazil described in the literature because it contains a high content of pulegone in its chemical composition, a substance known to have neurotoxic effects against insects and mites. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and toxicity of the OE of H. ringens leaves against herbivores with agricultural importance. The OE was extracted by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (CG/EM). The organisms tested in the tests were Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks, where mortality, mean lethal concentration (LC50) and selectivity were analyzed. OE extraction obtained a yield of 3.01%, with pulegone being its main constituent (81.03%). The biological activity tests were carried out with the OE and with the pulegone in order to determine the phytochemical component responsible for the organism's mortality. H. ringens demonstrated insecticidal activity against S. zeamais in the periods of 24, 36 and 48 hours, however without activity in 12 h. There was acaricidal activity against T. urticae and P. macropilis in all periods. In the acaricidal activity against T. urticae, mortality was similar in the period of 2 h for OE and pulegone. The analysis of the tests showed significant differences between the OE of H. ringens and pulegone in insecticidal activity, with pulegone being more toxic with LC50 of 10.13, 6.91 and 5.75 μL.L-1 in periods of 24, 36 and 48 h, respectively. The predatory mite P. macropilis was less sensitive to the effects of OE than when subjected to pulegone. In the fumigation tests, the H. ringens OE showed greater toxicity in the control of S. zeamais and T. urticae due to the high mortality rate presented. The results also indicate the possibility of a biological control integrated with the botanical control in the acaricidal activity, using H. ringens OE or pulegona on P. macropilis, a predator mite of T. urticae, due to the fact that it is more sensitive in most assays, requiring less dosage to cause the death of the same number of P. macropilis organisms.
Hesperozygis ringens (Benth) Epling is an aromatic plant endemic to the south of Brazil described in the literature because it contains a high content of pulegone in its chemical composition, a substance known to have neurotoxic effects against insects and mites. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and toxicity of the OE of H. ringens leaves against herbivores with agricultural importance. The OE was extracted by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (CG/EM). The organisms tested in the tests were Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks, where mortality, mean lethal concentration (LC50) and selectivity were analyzed. OE extraction obtained a yield of 3.01%, with pulegone being its main constituent (81.03%). The biological activity tests were carried out with the OE and with the pulegone in order to determine the phytochemical component responsible for the organism's mortality. H. ringens demonstrated insecticidal activity against S. zeamais in the periods of 24, 36 and 48 hours, however without activity in 12 h. There was acaricidal activity against T. urticae and P. macropilis in all periods. In the acaricidal activity against T. urticae, mortality was similar in the period of 2 h for OE and pulegone. The analysis of the tests showed significant differences between the OE of H. ringens and pulegone in insecticidal activity, with pulegone being more toxic with LC50 of 10.13, 6.91 and 5.75 μL.L-1 in periods of 24, 36 and 48 h, respectively. The predatory mite P. macropilis was less sensitive to the effects of OE than when subjected to pulegone. In the fumigation tests, the H. ringens OE showed greater toxicity in the control of S. zeamais and T. urticae due to the high mortality rate presented. The results also indicate the possibility of a biological control integrated with the botanical control in the acaricidal activity, using H. ringens OE or pulegona on P. macropilis, a predator mite of T. urticae, due to the fact that it is more sensitive in most assays, requiring less dosage to cause the death of the same number of P. macropilis organisms.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bioma Pampa; Hesperozygis ringens; OE; Toxicidade; Sitophilus zeamais; Tetranychus urticae; Phytoseiulus macropilis; Pampa biome; Hesperozygis ringens; EO; Toxicity; Sitophilus zeamais; Tetranychus urticae; Phytoseiulus macropilis
Citação
GIACOMIN, Ana Caroline. CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E TOXICIDADE DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling frente a Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tetranychus urticae Koch e Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks. 2020. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 28 fev. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2803.