Quantificação e análise das emissões de gases de efeito estufa em processos da cadeia avícola
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2019-04-10
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Johann, Liana
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar o inventário de gases de efeito estufa dentro de três unidades da cadeia avícola, sendo a fabricação de ração, incubação de ovos e abate de aves, dos anos de 2016 e 2017. Contextualizou-se a questão do aquecimento global, os principais fatores, gases envolvidos neste processo e demais referências importantes sobre o tema. Estudou-se as questões legais do tema mudanças climáticas desde protocolo de Kyoto até a formulação da PNMC (Política Nacional de Mudanças Climáticas) e a extensão para políticas estaduais no nosso país. Aprofundou-se as Normas Técnicas (ABNT) através de suas normas ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1 e ABNT NBR ISO 14064-2 verificando seus princípios, limites e especificações para levantamento dos gases de efeito estufa. O levantamento de dados das unidades do estudo gerou informações que foram lançadas na Ferramenta GHG Protocol. Na montagem dos inventários as informações foram utilizadas nos Escopos 1, 2 e 3, conforme metodologia. Escopo 1 e 2 de gestão interna direta da
empresa e Escopo 3 de gestão indireta da empresa. O escopo que mais gerou emissões de GEE foi o Escopo 3 em função do volume de transporte característicos na avicultura, seguido pelo Escopo 2 e Escopo 1. Na avaliação geral, os volume de emissões na fábrica de rações foram 858.118,75 ton em 2016 e 810.408,10 ton em 2017, no incubatório foram 2.775.610,17 em 2016 e 3.437.118, 10 em 2017 e no frigorífico foram 6.538.610, 79 em 2016 e 9.370.040,96 em 2017.Considerando 2017 como referência as emissões de Escopo 2 (energia elétrica), somou-se 1.791,75 toneladas de CO2eq ou seja 62,94% do total de emissões de 2017. Seguindo estão as combustões estacionárias onde os cálculos apresentam lançamento de 657,53 toneladas de CO2eq. representando 23,09% do total de emissões Escopos 1 e 2 de 2017. Podemos ainda juntar a estes dois valores as emissões provenientes de efluentes no frigorifico que foi de 352,10 toneladas de CO2eq que representa 12,37% do total. Somando as emissões de efluentes, combustão estacionária e Escopo 2
(energia elétrica) a representatividade é de 98,4%. Perante as informações fez-se propostas para minimização de emissões do ponto de vista administrativo, de processos e de engenharia. Apresentou-se a oportunidade de minimizar a emissões dos efluentes com a geração de biogás convertendo em energia para sistema
produtivo. Ampliou-se as ações administrativas na compra de energias de fontes renováveis com menor fatores de emissões, e melhoramento de processo de combustão nas caldeiras fazendo melhor aproveitamento energético e possibilidade de substituição de materiais primas. Por fim foi apresentado o cálculo de neutralização com captação de carbono em áreas de manejo florestal agregando o plantio de
árvores de maneira a capturar o carbono emitido.
This study aimed to develop an inventory of greenhouse effect gases inside three units of the poultry industry chain, them being the production of feed, incubation of eggs and bird slaughter from the years of 2016 and 2017. It was defined the issue of global warming, its principal factors, gases involved in the process and other important references about the subject. The legal issues about the subject climatic changes were studied, from the Kyoto Protocol until the formulation of the PNMC (National Politic about Climatic Changes) and extending to the state politics in our country. The Technical Standards (ABNT) were researched further through the standards ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1 and ABNT NBR ISO 14064-2 verifying their principles, limits and specifications for the evaluation of the greenhouse effect gases. The data collection of the study units generated information that were posted in the Tool GHG Protocol. In the making of the inventories the information was used in the Scopes 1, 2 and 3, according to the methodology. Scope 1 and 2 of internal direct management of the industry and Scope 3 of indirect management of the industry. The Scope that generated the most emission of greenhouse effect gases was the Scope 3, because of the transport volume characteristic of the poultry activity, followed by the Scope 2 and Scope 1. In general, the volume of emissions in the production of feed were 858.118,75 ton in 2016 and 810.408,10 ton in 2017, in the incubation were 2.775.610,17 in 2016 and 3.437.118, 10 in 2017 and in the meat processing facility were 6.538.610,79 in 2016 e 9.370.040,96 in 2017. Considering 2017 as reference the emissions of the Scope 2 (electric energy) added 1.791,75 ton of CO2eq or 62,94% of the total emissions of 2017. In the sequence the second place of most emissions were the stationary combustions were the calculus represented the emission of 657,53 ton of CO2eq., representing 23,09% of the total emissions of the Scopes 1 and 2 in 2017. We can also add those two values to the emissions from the effluents of the meat processing facility, that was 352,10 ton of CO2eq, that represented 12,37% of the total. Adding the emissions of the effluents, stationary combustion and Scope 2 (electric energy) the representativity is of 98,4%. In face of the information, there were made proposals of minimization of the emissions in an administrative, process and engineering point of view. There was presented the opportunity to minimize the emission of the effluents with generation of gas for a productive system. The administrative actions were increased with the purchase of energy from renewable resources with less emission factors and the improvement the process of combustion in the boilers, improving the energetic utilization and the possibility of substitution of raw material. At last it was presented the calculus of the neutralization of carbon uptake in areas of forest management gathering the planting of trees in a way to capture the carbon emission.
This study aimed to develop an inventory of greenhouse effect gases inside three units of the poultry industry chain, them being the production of feed, incubation of eggs and bird slaughter from the years of 2016 and 2017. It was defined the issue of global warming, its principal factors, gases involved in the process and other important references about the subject. The legal issues about the subject climatic changes were studied, from the Kyoto Protocol until the formulation of the PNMC (National Politic about Climatic Changes) and extending to the state politics in our country. The Technical Standards (ABNT) were researched further through the standards ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1 and ABNT NBR ISO 14064-2 verifying their principles, limits and specifications for the evaluation of the greenhouse effect gases. The data collection of the study units generated information that were posted in the Tool GHG Protocol. In the making of the inventories the information was used in the Scopes 1, 2 and 3, according to the methodology. Scope 1 and 2 of internal direct management of the industry and Scope 3 of indirect management of the industry. The Scope that generated the most emission of greenhouse effect gases was the Scope 3, because of the transport volume characteristic of the poultry activity, followed by the Scope 2 and Scope 1. In general, the volume of emissions in the production of feed were 858.118,75 ton in 2016 and 810.408,10 ton in 2017, in the incubation were 2.775.610,17 in 2016 and 3.437.118, 10 in 2017 and in the meat processing facility were 6.538.610,79 in 2016 e 9.370.040,96 in 2017. Considering 2017 as reference the emissions of the Scope 2 (electric energy) added 1.791,75 ton of CO2eq or 62,94% of the total emissions of 2017. In the sequence the second place of most emissions were the stationary combustions were the calculus represented the emission of 657,53 ton of CO2eq., representing 23,09% of the total emissions of the Scopes 1 and 2 in 2017. We can also add those two values to the emissions from the effluents of the meat processing facility, that was 352,10 ton of CO2eq, that represented 12,37% of the total. Adding the emissions of the effluents, stationary combustion and Scope 2 (electric energy) the representativity is of 98,4%. In face of the information, there were made proposals of minimization of the emissions in an administrative, process and engineering point of view. There was presented the opportunity to minimize the emission of the effluents with generation of gas for a productive system. The administrative actions were increased with the purchase of energy from renewable resources with less emission factors and the improvement the process of combustion in the boilers, improving the energetic utilization and the possibility of substitution of raw material. At last it was presented the calculus of the neutralization of carbon uptake in areas of forest management gathering the planting of trees in a way to capture the carbon emission.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Emissões de GEE; GHG Protocol; Gestão; Greenhouse effect Gases emission; Management
Citação
DALCIN, Gérson. Quantificação e análise das emissões de gases de efeito estufa em processos da cadeia avícola. 2019. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 25 jan. 2019. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2499.