Análise da influência do Monumento Natural das Arvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAFTO) sobre a população local
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Data
2018-01
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Orientador
Jasper, André
Banca
Jasper, André
Pires, Etiene Fabbrin
Schwertner, Suzana Feldens
Tavares, Tatiane Marinho Vieira
Kauffmann, Marjorie
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Com a finalidade de contribuir com a proteção do Patrimônio Fossilífero preservado na Floresta Petrificada do Tocantins Setentrional (FPTS), foi criado, em 2000, o Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAFTO). Importantes registros paleobotânicos do Paleozoico Superior do Gondwana estão ali preservados sob a forma de lenhos permineralizados e impressões foliares. O objeto do presente estudo é a análise da Percepção Ambiental da população de Filadélfia, município onde o monumento está localizado, acerca da importância desse Patrimônio. Assim, a pesquisa foi estruturada em duas abordagens centrais: uma qualitativa, realizada com um grupo de doze atores sociais escolhidos pela amostragem por julgamento por meio da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas; e a outra quantitativa, realizada com uma amostra de 382 habitantes da população local escolhidos por meio da amostra aleatória simples para os quais foram aplicadas entrevistas estruturadas. As respostas das perguntas das entrevistas semiestruturadas foram transcritas e agrupadas em categorias elaboradas e analisadas a partir da perspectiva da análise do discurso. Quanto às entrevistas estruturadas, as respostas foram tabuladas no software estatístico SPSS22 e feitas as análises de correspondência por meio do software XLSTAT. O resultado das entrevistas semiestruturadas demonstrou que os atores sociais perceberam mudanças na rotina da comunidade a partir da instalação do Monumento. Consideram-nas positivas em relação à preservação ambiental e negativas no que concerne aos problemas fundiários. Também foram relatadas mudanças quanto à maneira de enxergar os fósseis, relacionadas principalmente à obtenção de informações advindas de maneira informal. Os atores sociais, quando questionados sobre intervenções a serem realizadas no MNAFTO, em sua maioria, sugeriram mais ações de Educação Ambiental e Turismo. Os resultados das entrevistas estruturadas demonstraram que os entrevistados têm conhecimento sobre o que são fósseis e que há correspondência entre esse o conhecimento e o nível de escolaridade, quanto mais alto o nível de escolaridade, mais se dá o conhecimento sobre o Patrimônio local. Também foi evidenciado que a maioria dos entrevistados considera que os fósseis são preservados, entretanto, ao realizar a Análise de Correspondência, foi demonstrado que os entrevistados com nível médio de escolaridade consideram que os fósseis não são preservados. Foi averiguado ainda que a maioria sabe que os fósseis não podem ser comercializados. Além disso, foi constatado que o conhecimento dos fósseis está diretamente relacionado ao tempo de residência na região. Quanto à Análise de Correspondência entre a questão fundiária e os fósseis, foi evidenciado que a maioria dos proprietários rurais conhece os fósseis e os percebe como preservados. Todavia mais da metade dos entrevistados desconhece a existência de uma unidade de conservação com a finalidade de proteger os registros fossilíferos encontrados no município. Apesar disso, a propagação do conhecimento da existência do MNAFTO pela população local ocorreu principalmente por meio de conversas entre vizinhos e amigos, e os habitantes perceberam mudanças na rotina do povoado de Bielândia e na sede do município de Filadélfia a partir da instalação do monumento. Atrelado a isso, demonstram sentimentos de preservação e admiração em relação ao monumento, além da percepção sobre a atração de turistas entre os entrevistados com maior nível de escolaridade. A maioria da população entrevistada demonstrou não conhecer o Plano de Manejo do MNAFTO, bem como percebeu a possibilidade dos fósseis serem considerados Patrimônio Natural. Com base nesses resultados, foi possível concluir que a população analisada consegue perceber a importância do monumento sem, todavia, entendê-lo em sua totalidade.
In order to contribute to the protection of the fossiliferous heritage preserved in the Floresta Petrificada do Tocantins Setentrional (FPTS), in the year 2000 the Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAFTO) Natural Monument of the Tocantins Fossilized Trees (MNAFTO) was created. Important paleobotanical records of the Gondwanan Upper Paleozoic are preserved there in the form of permineralized logs and leaf impressions. The aim of the present study is to understand the environmental perception of the residents of Filadélfia, town located on the monument area, about the importance of this patrimony. Thus, the research was structured in two central approaches: 1) a qualitative one, made under the application of semi-structures interviews for a group of twelve social representatives chosen using sampling by judgment and; 2) a quantitative one, using structured interviews carried out with a group of 382 inhabitants of the locality chosen through simple random sampling. The answers of the semi-structured interview questions were transcribed and grouped into categories elaborated and analyzed from the perspective of discourse analysis. For the structured interviews, the responses were tabulated in the statistical software SPSS22 and the correspondence analyzes were performed through the XLSTAT software. The results of the semi- structured interviews showed that the social parameters perceived changes in the routine of the community since the installation of the Monument, that was considered as positive when related to environmental preservation issues. On the other hand, it was considered negative if related to land property problems. Changes have also been reported related to the informality used to provide information about the fossils on the area. Considering the social parameters, when asked about what kind of activities should be made in the MNAFTO, mostly suggested more initiatives on Environmental Education and Tourism. The results of the structured interviews showed that the population has knowledge about what fossils are and that there is a correspondence between the knowledge of the fossils and the individual level of education. How higher the level of education, more knowledge about the local heritage was detected. It was also evidenced that the majority of the interviewees considered that the fossils are well maintained, however, the correspondence analysis demonstrated that the individuals with high school considered that the fossils are not well maintained. It was also demonstrated that most respondents know that fossils cannot be sold. Also, the knowledge of the fossils is directly related to the time of residence in the region. As far as the correspondence analysis between the land property issue and the fossils was evidenced, the majority of the rural owners knows the fossils, perceiving them as well maintained. However, more than the half of the interviewees are unaware of the existence of a conservation unit in order to protect the fossil records found in the area. Although, the dissemination of the knowledge about the existence of the MNAFTO by the local population occurred mainly in an informal way, through conversations between neighbors and friends. In addition, the population noticed changes in the routine of the town of Bielândia and the headquarters of the city of Filadélfia after the installation of the monument. Linked to this, the local population demonstrates a conservation feeling and shows admiration for the monument. The perception that the heritage could attract tourists could also be observed among those interviewed with a higher school education. The majority of the interviewed showed that the monument's Management Plan is not known, but realizing that fossils are considered a Natural Heritage. Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that the studied population can perceive the importance of the Monument without, however, understanding it in its entirety.
In order to contribute to the protection of the fossiliferous heritage preserved in the Floresta Petrificada do Tocantins Setentrional (FPTS), in the year 2000 the Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAFTO) Natural Monument of the Tocantins Fossilized Trees (MNAFTO) was created. Important paleobotanical records of the Gondwanan Upper Paleozoic are preserved there in the form of permineralized logs and leaf impressions. The aim of the present study is to understand the environmental perception of the residents of Filadélfia, town located on the monument area, about the importance of this patrimony. Thus, the research was structured in two central approaches: 1) a qualitative one, made under the application of semi-structures interviews for a group of twelve social representatives chosen using sampling by judgment and; 2) a quantitative one, using structured interviews carried out with a group of 382 inhabitants of the locality chosen through simple random sampling. The answers of the semi-structured interview questions were transcribed and grouped into categories elaborated and analyzed from the perspective of discourse analysis. For the structured interviews, the responses were tabulated in the statistical software SPSS22 and the correspondence analyzes were performed through the XLSTAT software. The results of the semi- structured interviews showed that the social parameters perceived changes in the routine of the community since the installation of the Monument, that was considered as positive when related to environmental preservation issues. On the other hand, it was considered negative if related to land property problems. Changes have also been reported related to the informality used to provide information about the fossils on the area. Considering the social parameters, when asked about what kind of activities should be made in the MNAFTO, mostly suggested more initiatives on Environmental Education and Tourism. The results of the structured interviews showed that the population has knowledge about what fossils are and that there is a correspondence between the knowledge of the fossils and the individual level of education. How higher the level of education, more knowledge about the local heritage was detected. It was also evidenced that the majority of the interviewees considered that the fossils are well maintained, however, the correspondence analysis demonstrated that the individuals with high school considered that the fossils are not well maintained. It was also demonstrated that most respondents know that fossils cannot be sold. Also, the knowledge of the fossils is directly related to the time of residence in the region. As far as the correspondence analysis between the land property issue and the fossils was evidenced, the majority of the rural owners knows the fossils, perceiving them as well maintained. However, more than the half of the interviewees are unaware of the existence of a conservation unit in order to protect the fossil records found in the area. Although, the dissemination of the knowledge about the existence of the MNAFTO by the local population occurred mainly in an informal way, through conversations between neighbors and friends. In addition, the population noticed changes in the routine of the town of Bielândia and the headquarters of the city of Filadélfia after the installation of the monument. Linked to this, the local population demonstrates a conservation feeling and shows admiration for the monument. The perception that the heritage could attract tourists could also be observed among those interviewed with a higher school education. The majority of the interviewed showed that the monument's Management Plan is not known, but realizing that fossils are considered a Natural Heritage. Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that the studied population can perceive the importance of the Monument without, however, understanding it in its entirety.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Monumento natural; Percepção ambiental; Patrimônio
Citação
COSTANTIN, Aline Maria. Análise da influência do Monumento Natural das Arvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAFTO) sobre a população local. 2017. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 29 jun. 2017. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1725.