A governança dos recursos hídricos no Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas
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Data
2018-01
Autores
Orientador
Mazzarino, Jane Márcia
Banca
Costa, Francisco Da Silva
Basso, Luís Alberto
Meier, Mara Alini
Mazzarino, Jane Márcia
Turatti, Luciana
Título do periódico
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Título do Volume
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Resumo
O presente estudo se propôs a investigar a governança dos recursos hídricos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e realizar um estudo de caso no Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, com base em documentos e legislações norteadoras. O objetivo geral foi investigar as dimensões da governança hídrica no âmbito do Comitê Taquari-Antas (CTA), a fim de contribuir para o aprimoramento da gestão dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Os objetivos específicos foram os seguintes: caracterizar os modelos de gestão de recursos hídricos nos contextos: europeu, latino-americano, brasileiro, gaúcho e no CTA; verificar a avaliação dos presidentes e vice-presidentes dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas (CBHs) do RS em relação à governança hídrica, com base nas categorias de análise: informação, participação e gestão de conflitos; verificar como os processos de governança emergem no CTA a partir da perspectiva tridimensional proposta (informação, participação, gestão de conflitos), tendo como base a triangulação da análise documental e legislativa e do estudo de caso; apontar elementos para o aprimoramento do processo de governança na gestão dos CBHs brasileiros. O estudo é interdisciplinar, qualitativo, bibliográfico, documental e envolve um estudo de caso que abrange pesquisa de campo com observação direta, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Foram acompanhadas as reuniões do CTA no período de agosto de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. Também foram aplicados questionários aos gestores dos CBHs do RS e aos membros do CTA. Por fim, foram entrevistados representantes do CTA, o mais ativo de cada categoria, bem como, seus gestores, a fim de aprofundar a pesquisa. Na discussão final dos resultados, a análise contemplou a triangulação dos resultados parciais obtidos em cotejo com os conceitos teóricos e com documentos relativos à governança, a fim de verificar em que medida ocorrem processos de governança no CTA. Essa análise evidenciou que a governança hídrica no CTA não se efetiva, especialmente, por causa da omissão do Estado e da precariedade de informações tanto para a sociedade como para os membros, bem como, em virtude de uma participação frágil e da gestão de conflitos com debates insuficientes ou inexistentes. Além disso, o trabalho do CTA não afeta as questões da água na sociedade, por falta de condições para deliberar, especialmente, por causa da omissão do Estado. Consequentemente, não avança no cumprimento de suas atribuições, pois, ao distanciar-se dos cidadãos, não se legitima perante eles. Ainda, contribuem para este cenário, a centralização de poder, pouca articulação do CTA com órgãos estratégicos e as responsabilidades apenas parcialmente assumidas e não compartilhadas. Entende-se que a governança hídrica deve basear-se na combinação de ações e responsabilidades, a serem compartilhadas entre o Estado, gestores do Comitê, membros e cidadãos, devendo cada ator, que pode ser identificado com um dos quatro pilares da governança hídrica, desempenhar seu papel de forma complementar, harmônica e vigilante.
The present study proposes to investigate the water resources governance in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and to carry out a case study in the Taquari-Antas River Basin Management Committee, based on guiding documents and legislation. The general objective was to investigate the dimensions of water governance within the Taquari-Antas Committee (CTA), in order to contribute to the improvement of the management of the Brazilian river basin committees. The specific objectives were: to characterize the models of water resources management in the following contexts: European, Latin American, Brazilian, Gaucho and in the CTA; to verify the evaluation of the presidents and vice presidents of the Hydrographic Basin Committees (CBHs) of RS in relation to water governance, based on the categories of analysis: information, participation and management of conflicts; to verify how the governance processes emerge in the CTA from the proposed three-dimensional perspective (information, participation, conflict management), based on the triangulation of documentary and legislative analysis and the case study; to point out elements for the improvement of the governance process in the management of Brazilian CBHs. The study is interdisciplinary, qualitative, bibliographical, and documentary and involves a case study that covers field research with direct observation, application of questionnaires and interviews. The meetings of the CTA were also monitored from August of 2014 to December of 2015. Questionnaires were also applied to managers of CBHs in RS and members of the CTA. Finally, representatives of the CTA, the most active of each category, were interviewed, as well as their managers, in order to deepen the research. In the final discussion of the results, the analysis contemplated the triangulation of the partial results obtained in comparison with the theoretical concepts and with documents related to governance, in order to verify to what extent processes of governance in the CTA occur. This analysis showed that water governance in the CTA is not particularly effective because of the State's omission and the precariousness of the information for society and its members, as well, because of the fragile participation and conflict management with Insufficient or non-existent debates. In addition, the work of the CTA does not affect water issues in society, due to the lack of conditions to deliberate, especially because of the omission of the State. Consequently, it does not advance in the fulfillment of its attributions, because, in distancing itself from the citizens, it does not get legitimized before them. Also, the centrality of power, little articulation of the CTA with the strategic agencies, and responsibilities only partially assumed and not shared contribute to this scenario. It is understood that water governance should be based on the combination of actions and responsibilities, that have to be shared between the State, Committee managers, members and citizens, and each actor, who can be identified with one of the four pillars of water governance, play a complementary, harmonic and vigilant role.
The present study proposes to investigate the water resources governance in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and to carry out a case study in the Taquari-Antas River Basin Management Committee, based on guiding documents and legislation. The general objective was to investigate the dimensions of water governance within the Taquari-Antas Committee (CTA), in order to contribute to the improvement of the management of the Brazilian river basin committees. The specific objectives were: to characterize the models of water resources management in the following contexts: European, Latin American, Brazilian, Gaucho and in the CTA; to verify the evaluation of the presidents and vice presidents of the Hydrographic Basin Committees (CBHs) of RS in relation to water governance, based on the categories of analysis: information, participation and management of conflicts; to verify how the governance processes emerge in the CTA from the proposed three-dimensional perspective (information, participation, conflict management), based on the triangulation of documentary and legislative analysis and the case study; to point out elements for the improvement of the governance process in the management of Brazilian CBHs. The study is interdisciplinary, qualitative, bibliographical, and documentary and involves a case study that covers field research with direct observation, application of questionnaires and interviews. The meetings of the CTA were also monitored from August of 2014 to December of 2015. Questionnaires were also applied to managers of CBHs in RS and members of the CTA. Finally, representatives of the CTA, the most active of each category, were interviewed, as well as their managers, in order to deepen the research. In the final discussion of the results, the analysis contemplated the triangulation of the partial results obtained in comparison with the theoretical concepts and with documents related to governance, in order to verify to what extent processes of governance in the CTA occur. This analysis showed that water governance in the CTA is not particularly effective because of the State's omission and the precariousness of the information for society and its members, as well, because of the fragile participation and conflict management with Insufficient or non-existent debates. In addition, the work of the CTA does not affect water issues in society, due to the lack of conditions to deliberate, especially because of the omission of the State. Consequently, it does not advance in the fulfillment of its attributions, because, in distancing itself from the citizens, it does not get legitimized before them. Also, the centrality of power, little articulation of the CTA with the strategic agencies, and responsibilities only partially assumed and not shared contribute to this scenario. It is understood that water governance should be based on the combination of actions and responsibilities, that have to be shared between the State, Committee managers, members and citizens, and each actor, who can be identified with one of the four pillars of water governance, play a complementary, harmonic and vigilant role.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Governança hídrica; Comitês de bacias hidrográficas; Informação; Participação; Gestão de conflitos
Citação
LUZ, Josiane Paula Da. A governança dos recursos hídricos no Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas. 2017. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 24 abr. 2017. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1723.