Interação interespecífica entre predadores e fitófagos (Acari) na cultura da erva-mate
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2017-07
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Ferla, Noeli Juarez
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Ferla, Noeli Juarez
Johann, Liana
Freitas, Elisete Maria de
Gonçalves, Dinarte
Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli
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A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.: Aquifoliaceae) é uma espécie nativa de grande importância econômica, social e ambiental. Nos últimos anos as áreas de plantio de erva-mate passaram a ser na forma de monocultivo, estimulando o surgimento de organismos herbívoros em altas populações causando injúrias e danos às plantas. Dentre as espécies fitófagas mais importantes à cultura destacam-se Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Tenuipalpidae), Dichopelmus notus Keifer (Eriophyidae), Disella ilicicola Navia e Flechtmann (Eriophyidae) e Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) (Tetranychidae). O ataque desses ácaros interfere no desenvolvimento das folhas, alcançando assim o nível de praga. Dentre as principais doenças causadas pelo ataque destes ácaros encontra-se o bronzeamento das folhas que em alguns casos pode provocar o desfolhamento da planta. Euseius concordis (Chant) ocorre em todo Brasil podendo ser encontrado em diferentes espécies vegetais, inclusive na cultura da erva-mate. Agistemus paraguariensis Johann et al. tem preferência pela parte abaxial das folhas e costumam se aglomerar em áreas próximas das infestadas por D. ilicicola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as características biológicas de E. concordis quando alimentado com O. yothersi, determinar a preferência alimentar de A. paraguariensis frente a três presas: D. notus, D. ilicicola e O. yothersi. Os ácaros foram coletados em plantações de erva-mate nas cidades de Mato Leitão e Putinga – RS. A biologia de E. concordis foi iniciada com 12 ovos mantidos em arenas sobre folhas de erva-mate. Foram realizadas três repetições com 12 arenas. As fazes imaturas foram observadas três vezes ao dia, e a fase adulta uma vez ao dia. Os dados gerados foram utilizados para construção de tabelas de vida de fertilidade. A preferência alimentar de A. paraguariensis foi avaliada oferecendo D. notus, D. ilicicola e O. yothersi. Euseius concordis apresentou ciclo de vida médio para fêmeas foi de 7,88±0,21 dias e os machos 7,75±1,08 dias. Os períodos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e pós-oviposição foi de 2,92±0,34; 11,2±0,74 e 1,67±0,28 respectivamente. Razão sexual 0,67 e média de longevidade para fêmeas de 15,22 dias e machos 12,51±1,91 dias. Os valores de T, Ro, rm, λ e TD foram, 16,33; 10,03; 0,14; 1,15 e 4,91 respectivamente. E. concordis completou seu ciclo de desenvolvimento alimentando-se de O. yothersi em folhas de erva-mate em condições de laboratório, com crescimento populacional satisfatório. Agistemus paraguariensis preferiu D. ilicicola; quando avaliado com D. ilicicola e O. yothersi não demostrou preferência, preferiu D. ilicicola quando avaliado com folha sem presa; preferiu O. yothersi quando avaliado com folha sem presa; quando avaliado com D. notus e folha sem presa não houve diferença significativa. Agistemus paraguariensis preferiu ovipositar em arenas com D. ilicicola, quando avaliado com D. ilicicola e O. yothersi, não houve diferença; preferência por D. ilicicola quando avaliado com folha sem presa; preferência por O. yothersi quando avaliado com folha sem presa; não ocorreu preferência quando D. notus foi avaliado com folha sem presa. Agistemus paraguariensis demonstrou preferência por D. ilicicola e O. yothersi.
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.: Aquifoliaceae) is a native specie of great economic, social and environmental importance. In the last years, the plantation area of yerba mate became a form of monoculture, stimulating the appearance of herbivorous organisms in high populations causing injuries and damage to plants. Among the most important phytophagous species which cause damage to the culture stands out Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Tenuipalpidae), Dichopelmus notus Keifer (Eriophyidae), Disella ilicicola Navia and Flechtmann (Eriophyidae) and Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) (Tetranychidae). The attack of these mites interferes in the development of the leaves, reaching the level of pest. Among the main diseases caused by the attack of these mites are the bronzing of leaves, which in some cases may lead to defoliation of the plant. Euseius concordis (Chant) occurs throughout Brazil and can be found in different vegetation species, including in yerba mate. Agistemus paraguariensis Johann et al. prefers the abaxial part of the leaves and use to agglomerate in areas close to those infested by D. ilicicola. The aim of this work is to know the biological characteristics of E. concordis when fed with O. yothersi, to know the food preference of A. paraguariensis fed with three preys: D. notus, D. ilicicola and O. yothersi. The mites were collected in yerba mate cultures in Mato Leitão and Putinga, Rio Grande do Sul state. The biology of E. concordis was initiated with 12 eggs kept in arenas with yerba mate leaves. Three repetitions were performed with 12 arenas. The immature stadia were observed three times a day and the adult stadium just once a day. The data were used for the construction of fertility life tables. The food preference of A. paraguariensis was evaluated offering D. notus, D. ilicicola and O. yothersi. Euseius concordis presented the average life cycle of females of 7,88±0,21 days and males of 7,75±1,08 days. The average period of preoviposition, oviposition and post oviposition were respectively 2,92±0,34; 11,2±0,74 and 1,67±0,28. Sex ratio 0,67 and average life expectancy of females were15,22 days and of males were 12,51±1,91 days. The values of T, Ro, rm, λ and TD were: 16,33; 10,03; 0,14; 1,15 and 4,91 respectively. Euseius concordis completed its development cycle by feeding on O. yothersi on leaves of yerba mate under laboratory conditions, with a satisfactory population growth. Agistemus paraguariensis preferred D. ilicicola; when evaluated with D. ilicicola and O. yothersi, didn’t show preference; preference for D. ilicicola when evaluated with in leaves without preys; preferred O. yothersi when evaluated in leaves without preys; when evaluated in leaves without preys and D. notus there was no significant preference. To the place of preference for oviposition, A. paraguariensis preferred leaves with D. ilicicola; when evaluated with D. ilicicola and O. yothersi, it didn’t show preference; preference for D. ilicicola when evaluated in leaves without preys; preference for O. yothersi when evaluated in leaves without preys; There was no preference when D. notus was evaluated in leaves without preys. Agistemus paraguariensis showed preference for D. ilicicola and O. yothersi.
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.: Aquifoliaceae) is a native specie of great economic, social and environmental importance. In the last years, the plantation area of yerba mate became a form of monoculture, stimulating the appearance of herbivorous organisms in high populations causing injuries and damage to plants. Among the most important phytophagous species which cause damage to the culture stands out Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Tenuipalpidae), Dichopelmus notus Keifer (Eriophyidae), Disella ilicicola Navia and Flechtmann (Eriophyidae) and Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) (Tetranychidae). The attack of these mites interferes in the development of the leaves, reaching the level of pest. Among the main diseases caused by the attack of these mites are the bronzing of leaves, which in some cases may lead to defoliation of the plant. Euseius concordis (Chant) occurs throughout Brazil and can be found in different vegetation species, including in yerba mate. Agistemus paraguariensis Johann et al. prefers the abaxial part of the leaves and use to agglomerate in areas close to those infested by D. ilicicola. The aim of this work is to know the biological characteristics of E. concordis when fed with O. yothersi, to know the food preference of A. paraguariensis fed with three preys: D. notus, D. ilicicola and O. yothersi. The mites were collected in yerba mate cultures in Mato Leitão and Putinga, Rio Grande do Sul state. The biology of E. concordis was initiated with 12 eggs kept in arenas with yerba mate leaves. Three repetitions were performed with 12 arenas. The immature stadia were observed three times a day and the adult stadium just once a day. The data were used for the construction of fertility life tables. The food preference of A. paraguariensis was evaluated offering D. notus, D. ilicicola and O. yothersi. Euseius concordis presented the average life cycle of females of 7,88±0,21 days and males of 7,75±1,08 days. The average period of preoviposition, oviposition and post oviposition were respectively 2,92±0,34; 11,2±0,74 and 1,67±0,28. Sex ratio 0,67 and average life expectancy of females were15,22 days and of males were 12,51±1,91 days. The values of T, Ro, rm, λ and TD were: 16,33; 10,03; 0,14; 1,15 and 4,91 respectively. Euseius concordis completed its development cycle by feeding on O. yothersi on leaves of yerba mate under laboratory conditions, with a satisfactory population growth. Agistemus paraguariensis preferred D. ilicicola; when evaluated with D. ilicicola and O. yothersi, didn’t show preference; preference for D. ilicicola when evaluated with in leaves without preys; preferred O. yothersi when evaluated in leaves without preys; when evaluated in leaves without preys and D. notus there was no significant preference. To the place of preference for oviposition, A. paraguariensis preferred leaves with D. ilicicola; when evaluated with D. ilicicola and O. yothersi, it didn’t show preference; preference for D. ilicicola when evaluated in leaves without preys; preference for O. yothersi when evaluated in leaves without preys; There was no preference when D. notus was evaluated in leaves without preys. Agistemus paraguariensis showed preference for D. ilicicola and O. yothersi.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Controle biológico; Dichopelmus notus; Disella ilicicola; Oligonychus yothersi; Agistemus paraguariensis; Euseius concordis
Citação
DAMEDA, Catiane. Interação interespecífica entre predadores e fitófagos (Acari) na cultura da erva-mate. 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 20 dez. 2016. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1602.