Avaliação da contaminação do solo por metais tóxicos (cádmio, cromo, chumbo e alumínio) em estandes de tiro no estado do Paraná/Brasil
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2017-01
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Konrad, Odorico
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O objetivo da pesquisa foi mostrar os riscos a que estão expostos os profissionais de segurança pública quando do treinamento de tiro em estandes. A hipótese levantada e confirmada foi de que os solos dos locais de treinamento estão contaminados por metais tóxicos, em especial o chumbo. Diante disso, foram realizadas análises do solo de estandes de tiro da Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR), localizados nos municípios de Cascavel, Cruzeiro do Oeste e São José dos Pinhais, e também de dois estandes particulares em Marechal Cândido Rondon e Guaíra, através de levantamento de amostras em duas campanhas realizadas: uma no ano de 2013 e outra em 2015. Foram apurados os teores de chumbo (Pb), cromo (Cr), alumínio (Al) e cádmio (Cd), e verificado se havia índices de contaminação por esses metais, culminando com a apresentação do panorama atual dos estandes utilizados pelos policiais militares. O trabalho apresenta os resultados do monitoramento temporal do solo nos anos citados, consistindo na análise dos índices alcançados, obtendo-se, assim, os teores dos metais tendo em vista a deposição de projéteis de arma de fogo no solo dos estandes. Foi possível avaliar o grau de contaminação existente, confrontando com a determinação legal da Resolução 420/2009, do CONAMA, que estabelece os níveis aceitáveis ou não de metais no solo. Os resultados das análises dos níveis de metais permitiram estabelecer as condições ambientais dos solos dos estandes de tiro. Do levantamento, se concluir que os teores de metais tóxicos encontrados nos solos dos estandes demandam atenção; como no caso do Pb, os resultados apresentam índices elevados, pois 60% das amostras ultrapassaram o Limite de Investigação estabelecido pela norma legal. Essa constatação sugere a pronta intervenção da PMPR e dos donos dos estandes particulares nos locais pesquisados iniciando, de imediato, ações de remediação nas áreas já contaminadas com a elaboração de planos de manejo, a fim de se evitar o aumento da contaminação e a exposição ao risco dos atiradores, policiais militares e população da circunvizinhança.
The objective of the research was to show the risks public safety professionals are exposed to when practicing at shooting ranges. The hypothesis which was tested and confirmed was that practicing areas’ soils are contaminated by toxic metals, especially by lead. Therefore, soil analyzes were performed at shooting ranges owned by the Military Police of Paraná (MPPR), located in the cities of Cascavel, Cruzeiro do Oeste and São José dos Pinhais, also at two private shooting ranges located in Marechal Cândido Rondon and Guaíra. One sample was collected in 2013 and the other in 2015. The levels of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al) and cadmium (Cd) were valued, and it was checked if there were signs of contamination by these metals, culminating with the presentation of the current situation of the shooting ranges used by the militaries. The paper presents the results of the time monitoring of the soil in those years, consisting in analyzing the reached data, obtaining the metal levels once there is a constant deposition of firearm projectiles on the shooting range ground. It was possible to evaluate the degree of contamination, which was confronted with the legal determination of the Resolution 420/2009 of CONAMA, which establishes acceptable levels of metals in soils. The results of the metal levels’ analysis made it possible to establish the environmental conditions of shooting ranges’ soils. The study made concluded that the toxic metal levels found in the shooting ranges’ soils demand attention; as in the example of Pb, which the the results showed high rates, 60% of the samples exceeded the limit set by the legal norm. This conclusion suggests the immediate intervention by MPPR and by the owners of the private shooting ranges tested, immediately starting to take actions over the already contaminated areas, elaborating management plans in order to avoid the increase of the contamination and the exposure of the militaries and surrounding population.
The objective of the research was to show the risks public safety professionals are exposed to when practicing at shooting ranges. The hypothesis which was tested and confirmed was that practicing areas’ soils are contaminated by toxic metals, especially by lead. Therefore, soil analyzes were performed at shooting ranges owned by the Military Police of Paraná (MPPR), located in the cities of Cascavel, Cruzeiro do Oeste and São José dos Pinhais, also at two private shooting ranges located in Marechal Cândido Rondon and Guaíra. One sample was collected in 2013 and the other in 2015. The levels of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al) and cadmium (Cd) were valued, and it was checked if there were signs of contamination by these metals, culminating with the presentation of the current situation of the shooting ranges used by the militaries. The paper presents the results of the time monitoring of the soil in those years, consisting in analyzing the reached data, obtaining the metal levels once there is a constant deposition of firearm projectiles on the shooting range ground. It was possible to evaluate the degree of contamination, which was confronted with the legal determination of the Resolution 420/2009 of CONAMA, which establishes acceptable levels of metals in soils. The results of the metal levels’ analysis made it possible to establish the environmental conditions of shooting ranges’ soils. The study made concluded that the toxic metal levels found in the shooting ranges’ soils demand attention; as in the example of Pb, which the the results showed high rates, 60% of the samples exceeded the limit set by the legal norm. This conclusion suggests the immediate intervention by MPPR and by the owners of the private shooting ranges tested, immediately starting to take actions over the already contaminated areas, elaborating management plans in order to avoid the increase of the contamination and the exposure of the militaries and surrounding population.
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Palavras-chave
Contaminação; Estande de tiro; Metais tóxicos
Citação
SOUZA, Valmir De. Avaliação da contaminação do solo por metais tóxicos (cádmio, cromo, chumbo e alumínio) em estandes de tiro no estado do Paraná/Brasil. 2016. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 23 set. 2016. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1202.